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ABOUT THE LIBRARY
The LUMCON Library collection was originally housed in Ellender Memorial Library, located at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. After completion of the DeFelice Marine Center in 1986, the collection was moved to its present location. Since that time, the Library has become an active resource center for LUMCON faculty and staff as well as Consortium member institutions, visiting researchers, students, and the public.
The library contains a computer lab and several study spaces available to visiting students, scientists, or groups (such as attendees of a writing retreat).
The collection and development of library materials reflects LUMCON’s research programs. The collection has approximately:
- 4,600 monographs
- 5,800 bound volumes
- 200 journal titles
- 26 current journal subscriptions
- 850 maps
- 35 atlases
- 3,600 government documents
- 1,500 reprints
In addition, the library houses a complete collection of research products generated by DeFelice Marine Center personnel since LUMCON’s inception.
HOURS OF OPERATION
- The LUMCON Library is staffed Monday through Friday from 7:00 AM to 3:30 PM. All visitors are welcome during these hours.
- The Library is closed to the public on weekends, state holidays, and when the librarian is not on site. Before visiting the facility, please call 985-851-2875 to ensure the Library will be open.
- All LUMCON staff, summer students, and resident visitors have 24-hour access to the Library. If the doors to the Library are locked, the security guard will open them for you.
CIRCULATION
- Books can be checked out by filling out a card at the circulation desk. The length of time a book can be checked out varies depending on the patron’s status. Books may be renewed by contacting the department, but all items are subject to recall at any time.
- Interlibrary loan service is available for LUMCON faculty, postdocs, lab personnel, and summer students. Although we strive to get items at no charge, the patron may be asked to pay for interlibrary loan charges under certain circumstances.
- Reserve items, reference materials, and journals must remain in the Library. The Library has no photocopier, but copies or scans can be made in the LUMCON main office.
- All materials must be checked out before removal from the Library, without exception.
- Library materials can be placed on reserve for summer classes. A list of items to be placed on reserve should be provided to the librarian as soon as possible.
- When returning material that has been checked out, please drop off items at the circulation counter.
Food is not allowed in the Library under any circumstance. Drinks are only allowed with prior approval by the librarian or the security guard.
INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
The LUMCON Library is available as an internship site for graduate-level students who have completed at least two semesters toward a Master’s degree in Library and Information Science. Applications will be accepted on a continuing basis and internships may be completed during any semester. Prior library experience or an undergraduate degree in science is desirable, but not necessary. Credits will be awarded based on the number of person-hours completed (40 person-hours per credit hour).
The internship will consist of both field experience, encompassing many operations of a special library, and a special project in technical services. The Librarian will give the intern an overview of reference services, technical services, library administration, and budgeting, and will guide the intern through special projects. The LUMCON Library uses SIRSI/Dynix’s Symphony Integrated Library System as well as OCLC for Cataloging/Interlibrary Loan services.
Contact the Librarian for more information or to apply for an internship.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the following individuals for their guidance and input when creating the Dispersants Bibliography:
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- Victoria Broje, Per Daling, Alun Lewis, and Francois-Xavier Merlin offered valuable assistance in the early phases of this project. Per Daling’s support was especially noteworthy, by providing conference proceedings that otherwise could not be obtained.
- Deborah Ansell, ITOPF’s librarian, contributed by sharing her sizeable list of library holdings on dispersant publications with us, and filling in gaps where existing citation information was incomplete.
- Likewise, Julie Anne Richardson, librarian for Environment Canada, compiled a publication listing on dispersants housed in her collection, which provided us with additional citations for our project.
- Qianxin Lin at Louisiana State University provided API conference proceedings for us to use in transcribing abstracts.
- Nancy Kinner at the Coastal Response Research Center provided encouragement, focus, and connected us with some of the aforementioned people.
- Finally, Don Davis and Karen Reeder Emory at OSRADP deserve special mention for all of their help and direction during the span of this project.
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The LUMCON Library is a member of the International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers (IAMSLIC), the Southeast Affiliate of IAMSLIC Libraries (SAIL), and the Louisiana Library Network and Information Consortium (LOUIS). Additionally, the Library has access to OCLC Cataloging/Interlibrary loan services.
Click here to search LUMCON’s e-Library catalog using the LOUIS portal.
DISPERSANTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Total Records Found: 1944
Anon. 1979. Effect of surfactants on the food consumption in the larvae of Penaeus monodon and Chanos chanos. Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology Monograph Series, 1979 (5): 26-29. ISSN: 1026-3810.
Anon. 1979. Studies on the growth effect of surfactants in the larvae of Penaeus monodon and Chanos chanos. Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology Monograph Series, 1979 (5): 38-43. ISSN: 1026-3810.
Anon. 1979. Toxicity of surfactants to some marine animals. Academia Sinica Institute of Zoology Monograph Series, 1979 (5): 19-25. ISSN: 1026-3810.
Anon. 1984. Oil and Dispersant Toxicity in Seabirds (Phases I & II), Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. (no page information available).
Anon. 1978. Study of Dispersant Application in the Atlantic Provinces, Halifax, N.S: Martec Limited. 246 leaves.
Anon. 2005. News: Oil spill off Goa Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50 (6): 613-614. ISSN: 0025-326X.
Anon. 2000. News upstream: industry - aerial alliance for North Sea oil spill response. Petroleum Review, 54 (646): 7. ISSN: 0020-3076.
Abstract
This article reports on an alliance that would combine aerial dispersant with aerial surveillance in a rapid response counter to oil spills in the North Sea. Later improvements would be smaller, faster aircraft for improving response time
This article reports on an alliance that would combine aerial dispersant with aerial surveillance in a rapid response counter to oil spills in the North Sea. Later improvements would be smaller, faster aircraft for improving response time
Anon. 2006. 'On command' surfactants could aid oil recovery and clean-up. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52 (10): 1123-1124. ISSN: 0025-326X.
Anon. 1990. Analysis technique enhances oil spill response optimization. Offshore, 50 (9): 34-35,37-38. ISSN: 0030-0608.
Anon. 1993. Improved new generation dispersants play an important role in oil spill combat plans. Petroleum Gazette (Melbourne), 28 (2): 29-32. ISSN: 0048-3591.
Anon. 1984. Dispersants: changing perceptions. Oil Spill Intelligence Report, VIII (29): 1-3. ISSN: 0020-3076.
Anon. 1990. The storage stability of oil spill dispersants. Petroleum Review, 44 (516): 42-44. ISSN: 0020-3076.
Anon. 1990. Cleaning up mess at sea. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 10 (2): 153. ISSN: 0253-7141.
Aquatic Testing Laboratories. 1994. Abalone Larval Development Short Term Toxicity Test for Oil Spill Cleanup Agents, Ventura, Ca: Aquatic Testing Laboratories. (no page information available).
Araujo, R.P. de A.; Momo, K.; Gherardi-Goldstein, E.; Nipper, M.G.; Wells, P.G. 1987. Marine dispersant program for licensing and research in São Paulo State, Brazil. In Proceedings: 1987 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), April 6-9, 1987, Baltimore, Maryland, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 289-292.
Abstract
The State of São Paulo has established a program for research on and for licensing of chemical dispersants. The basic factors adopted for evaluation and approval of these products were their composition, efficiency (or effectiveness) and toxicity. Various methods for evaluation have been tested; the Warren Spring method was chosen due to its greater repeatability, rapidity, and lower cost. The U.S. EPA toxicity evaluation procedure with Artemia nauplii was chosen for licensing the products, due to its relative simplicity and repeatability. (A new assay procedure, intended to replace the Artemia test, was initiated with a regional shrimp and is progressing as a research program.) A linked composition/efficiency/toxicity licensing procedure has been developed
© 1987 with permission from APIThe State of São Paulo has established a program for research on and for licensing of chemical dispersants. The basic factors adopted for evaluation and approval of these products were their composition, efficiency (or effectiveness) and toxicity. Various methods for evaluation have been tested; the Warren Spring method was chosen due to its greater repeatability, rapidity, and lower cost. The U.S. EPA toxicity evaluation procedure with Artemia nauplii was chosen for licensing the products, due to its relative simplicity and repeatability. (A new assay procedure, intended to replace the Artemia test, was initiated with a regional shrimp and is progressing as a research program.) A linked composition/efficiency/toxicity licensing procedure has been developed
Arthur D. Little, Inc. 1970. Oil Spill Treating Agents Selection Based on Environmental Factors. Cambridge, Ma: Arthur D. Little, Inc. 55p.
Arthur D. Little, Inc. 1969. Combating Pollution Created by Oil Spills. Volume One: Methods, Cambridge, Ma: Arthur D. Little, Inc. 151p.
Arthur, D.R. 1968. The biological problems of littoral pollution by oils and emulsifiers - a summing up. The Biological Effects of Oil Pollution on Littoral Communities: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Orielton Field Centre, Pembroke, Wales, on 17th, 18th and 19th February 1968. Field Studies, 2(Suppl.), London: Field Studies Council. pp. 159-164.
Asia - Pacific Applied Science Associates et al. 2003. A Review of Recent Innovations and Current Research In Oil and Chemical Spill Technology, West Perth, W.A: Asia - Pacific Applied Science Associates. 77p. URL
Atlas R.M.; Bartha R. 1973. Effects of some commercial oil herders, dispersants, and bacterial inocula on biodegradation of oil in seawater. In Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Georgia State University, December 4-6, 1972, Baton Rouge, La: Louisiana State University. pp. 283-289.
Abstract
The effects of petroleum biodegradation of several oil herders, dispersants and commercial bacterial inocula were tested. The oil herders and dispersants significantly increased the rate of mineralization but not the extent of petroleum biodegradation. The beneficial effect is apparently due to the increased surface of oil droplets and an absence of toxicity to oil degrading microorganisms at the recommended concentrations. The two commercial bacterial inocula tested failed to improve either the rate or the extent of oil biodegradation when tested in natural seawater. In sterile seawater, these inocula showed inferior performance compared to the natural microflora of seawater, and were judged to be ineffective for marine applications. Data on the safety and effectiveness of available oil pollution control products are basic to their correct use. While numerous studies have been conducted on the toxicity of such products to vertebrates and invertebrates, little is known about their effects on the indigenous microflora of the sea. Since microbial degradation is the major natural process for the ultimate destruction of polluting oil, it is essential that this process not be interfered. The recommended concentrations of two oil herders, six dispersants and two bacterial inocula were tested for their effects on the biodegradation of Sweden crude oil in freshly collected seawater samples
(Author’s abstract)The effects of petroleum biodegradation of several oil herders, dispersants and commercial bacterial inocula were tested. The oil herders and dispersants significantly increased the rate of mineralization but not the extent of petroleum biodegradation. The beneficial effect is apparently due to the increased surface of oil droplets and an absence of toxicity to oil degrading microorganisms at the recommended concentrations. The two commercial bacterial inocula tested failed to improve either the rate or the extent of oil biodegradation when tested in natural seawater. In sterile seawater, these inocula showed inferior performance compared to the natural microflora of seawater, and were judged to be ineffective for marine applications. Data on the safety and effectiveness of available oil pollution control products are basic to their correct use. While numerous studies have been conducted on the toxicity of such products to vertebrates and invertebrates, little is known about their effects on the indigenous microflora of the sea. Since microbial degradation is the major natural process for the ultimate destruction of polluting oil, it is essential that this process not be interfered. The recommended concentrations of two oil herders, six dispersants and two bacterial inocula were tested for their effects on the biodegradation of Sweden crude oil in freshly collected seawater samples
Atta, A.M.; Abdel-Rauf, M.E.; Maysour, N.E.; Abdul-Rahiem, A.M.; Abdel-Azim, A.A.A. 2006. Surfactants from recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) waste as water based oil spill dispersants. Journal of Polymer Research, 13 (1): 39-52. ISSN: 1022-9760. doi:10.1007/s10965-005-9003-0.
Abstract
Recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, can be modified to produce nonionic surfactants. Recycling of PET waste was carried out in presence of different weight ratios of diethanolamine and triethanolamine and manganese acetate as catalyst. The molecular weights of the prepared oligomers were calculated from hydroxyl number and determined from GPC measurements. The produced oligomers were reacted with polyethylene glycol, PEG, which have different molecular weights 400, 1000 and 4000. Interfacial tension and the effectiveness in oil dispersion of the synthesized surfactants were reported. It was found that, the maximum efficiency of oil spill dispersants was reached to maximum when the surfactant molecules ended with two PEG 1000 moities
© Springer, 2006. Reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business MediaRecycled poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET, can be modified to produce nonionic surfactants. Recycling of PET waste was carried out in presence of different weight ratios of diethanolamine and triethanolamine and manganese acetate as catalyst. The molecular weights of the prepared oligomers were calculated from hydroxyl number and determined from GPC measurements. The produced oligomers were reacted with polyethylene glycol, PEG, which have different molecular weights 400, 1000 and 4000. Interfacial tension and the effectiveness in oil dispersion of the synthesized surfactants were reported. It was found that, the maximum efficiency of oil spill dispersants was reached to maximum when the surfactant molecules ended with two PEG 1000 moities
Auger, C.; Croquette, J. 1980. L’utilisation des dispersants. Bulletin du Cedre, n°1 7-12.
Aunaas, T.; Olsen, A.; Zachariassen, K.E. 1991. The effects of oil and oil dispersants on the amphipod Gammarus oceanicus from Arctic waters. Polar Research, 10 (2): 619-630. ISSN: 0800-0395.
Abstract
Finasol OSR-5 and OSR-12 were chosen, along with Statfjord A + B crude oil, to determine exposure effects of oil, dispersant, and combinations on a species of amphipod. Reduced mortality in amphipods resulted when Finasol OSR-5 was added to the crude oil, compared to exposure to the water soluble fraction and water emulsion of crude oil alone
Finasol OSR-5 and OSR-12 were chosen, along with Statfjord A + B crude oil, to determine exposure effects of oil, dispersant, and combinations on a species of amphipod. Reduced mortality in amphipods resulted when Finasol OSR-5 was added to the crude oil, compared to exposure to the water soluble fraction and water emulsion of crude oil alone
Aunaas, T.; Zachariassen, K.E. 1989. Biological Effects of Chemical Treatment of Oil-Spills at Sea, Trondheim, Norway: University of Trondheim, Department of Zoology and Department of Chemistry. 330p. ISBN: 8259557096.
Aurand, D. 1995. The application of ecological risk assessment principles to dispersant use planning. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 2 (4): 241-247. ISSN: 1353-2561. doi:10.1016/S1353-2561(96)00005-9.
Abstract
Authors suggest a methodology for using ecological risk assessment procedures in the oil spill response planning process, which would improve the ability to evaluate response options, including the use of dispersants
Authors suggest a methodology for using ecological risk assessment procedures in the oil spill response planning process, which would improve the ability to evaluate response options, including the use of dispersants
Aurand, D. 1995. Research program to facilitate resolution of ecological issues affecting the use of dispersants in marine oil spill response. The Use of Chemicals in Oil Spill Response, Philadelphia, Pa: American Society for Testing and Materials. pp. 172-190. ISBN: 0803119992.
Abstract
The use of dispersants in oil spill response in the United States remains a controversial environmental topic. At the center of this controversy is a lack of confidence in the available data to evaluate the effects of dispersants on “local” biota. The main reasons that many of the attempts around the country to resolve concerns over dispersant use have been unsuccessful are that they have either 1.) failed to focus on the true issues of concern, 2.) collected laboratory (and sometimes field) data which cannot be effectively applied in decision-making, or 3.) failed to effectively communicate information to the participants in the decision process. These issues can be addressed by a research program intentionally designed to examine issues in an ecosystem context and which focuses on information dissemination and communication, which are the central themes of the Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) initiative. The MSRC environmental program contains four elements: improved use and synthesis of existing information, improved methods for laboratory toxicity evaluations and interpretation, development of a realistic mesocosm testing program, and field experiments to correlate laboratory and mesocosm data to real world situations. This paper describes the rationale for the program and the progress made over the first two and one-half years
© ASTM International. Used with permission of ASTM InternationalThe use of dispersants in oil spill response in the United States remains a controversial environmental topic. At the center of this controversy is a lack of confidence in the available data to evaluate the effects of dispersants on “local” biota. The main reasons that many of the attempts around the country to resolve concerns over dispersant use have been unsuccessful are that they have either 1.) failed to focus on the true issues of concern, 2.) collected laboratory (and sometimes field) data which cannot be effectively applied in decision-making, or 3.) failed to effectively communicate information to the participants in the decision process. These issues can be addressed by a research program intentionally designed to examine issues in an ecosystem context and which focuses on information dissemination and communication, which are the central themes of the Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) initiative. The MSRC environmental program contains four elements: improved use and synthesis of existing information, improved methods for laboratory toxicity evaluations and interpretation, development of a realistic mesocosm testing program, and field experiments to correlate laboratory and mesocosm data to real world situations. This paper describes the rationale for the program and the progress made over the first two and one-half years
Aurand, D.; Coelho, G.M. 1995. Using toxicity data in oil spill response planning. In The Use of Chemical Countermeasure Product Data for Oil Spill Planning and Response: Workshop Proceedings, April 4-6, 1995, Xerox Document University and Conference Center, Leesburg, VA, Alexandria, Va: Scientific and Environmental Associates. pp. 21-46.
Aurand, D.; Coelho, G.M. 1996. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of the Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Effects Research Forum: Santa Cruz, CA, April 24-25, 1996, Purcellville, Va: Ecosystem Management & Associates. 50p..
Aurand, D. 1998. Observations on the integration of laboratory, mesocosm and field research on the ecological consequences of dispersant use for marine oil spills into response planning. In Dispersant Application in Alaska: A Technical Update, Anchorage Hilton Hotel, Anchorage, Alaska, March 18 and 19, 1998, Cordova, Ak: Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute. pp. 215-248.
Aurand, D.; Coelho, O. 1999. Using laboratory, mesocosm and field data in ecological risk assessments for nearshore dispersant use. In Beyond 2000, Balancing Perspectives: Proceedings: 1999 International Oil Spill Conference: March 8-11, 1999, Seattle, Washington, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 1023-1026. URL
Abstract
In the United States, pre-approval for dispersant use exists only in conservatively defined circumstances of water depth and/or distance off shore. Historical records suggest that most opportunities for dispersant use will occur closer to shore and in shallow water than defined in existing pre-approval areas. The issue is to determine when it is appropriate to relax these standards in order to protect sensitive near-shore habitats, despite the potential for increased ecological effects in the water column. This paper reviews selected data in the context of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) protocols. In some cases onshore impacts are clearly decreased by dispersant use without adversely affecting the water column. This is especially true for small or moderate-sized spills, often not viewed as a high priority for dispersant use. In other cases, however, trade-off decisions must be made, and when the ERA approach is properly integrated into oil spill response process, it can improve the likelihood of proper use of dispersants, and assist in the identification of appropriate dispersant response capabilities
© 1999 with permission from APIIn the United States, pre-approval for dispersant use exists only in conservatively defined circumstances of water depth and/or distance off shore. Historical records suggest that most opportunities for dispersant use will occur closer to shore and in shallow water than defined in existing pre-approval areas. The issue is to determine when it is appropriate to relax these standards in order to protect sensitive near-shore habitats, despite the potential for increased ecological effects in the water column. This paper reviews selected data in the context of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) protocols. In some cases onshore impacts are clearly decreased by dispersant use without adversely affecting the water column. This is especially true for small or moderate-sized spills, often not viewed as a high priority for dispersant use. In other cases, however, trade-off decisions must be made, and when the ERA approach is properly integrated into oil spill response process, it can improve the likelihood of proper use of dispersants, and assist in the identification of appropriate dispersant response capabilities
Aurand, D.; Coelho, O.; Clark, J.; Bragin, G. 1999. Goals, objectives and design of a mesocosm experiment on the environmental consequences of nearshore dispersant use. In Proceedings: Twenty-Second Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, June 2 to 4, 1999, Westin Hotel, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada. pp. 629-643.
Abstract
A mesocosm experiment on nearshore dispersant use compared results of water column and shoreline exposure to crude oil and dispersed oil. Fate and ecological effects were determined in 10-day experiments. The use of multiple tanks housed at the Coastal Oilspill Simulation System Facility in Corpus Christi, Texas, allowed for simultaneous tests and provided the opportunity for replicate treatments and untreated controls during testing
A mesocosm experiment on nearshore dispersant use compared results of water column and shoreline exposure to crude oil and dispersed oil. Fate and ecological effects were determined in 10-day experiments. The use of multiple tanks housed at the Coastal Oilspill Simulation System Facility in Corpus Christi, Texas, allowed for simultaneous tests and provided the opportunity for replicate treatments and untreated controls during testing
Aurand, D.; Kucklick, J.H. 1995. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Chemical Response to Oil Spills, Ecological Effects Research Forum: East Millstone, N.J., September 13-14, 1995. Washington, D.C: arine Spill Response Corporation. 66p.
Aurand, D.; Walko, L.; Pond, R. 2000. Developing Consensus Ecological Risk Assessments: Environmental Protection in Oil Spill Response Planning: A Guidebook, Washington, D.C: U.S. Coast Guard. (no page information available).
Aurand, D.; Clark, J.; Jamail, R. 2003. Learnings from the Texas Nearshore Dispersant Demonstration Project. In IOSC 2003 Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Restoration, Perspectives for a Cleaner Environment: April 6-11, 2003, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 341-348. URL
Abstract
This project defines circumstances where a dispersant demonstration might be considered for an estuarine oil spill in Texas. In seeking approval for a spill of opportunity demonstration project, we developed criteria defining a viable dispersant response for consideration by the Region VI Regional Response Team. This paper presents the criteria and their rationale developed for Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi Bay, along with the results of recent training exercises. The criteria define the size and general location of an oil spill that might be considered appropriate for a trial dispersant application, and implementation of response and monitoring within a 2-hour window from notification. They are based on descriptions and characterizations of the habitats and species at risk in coastal areas, concentration and duration of dispersed oil plumes that might be generation in a response, potential impacts of these exposures, and the environmental trade-off between implementing mechanical response and a dispersant response. Because the dilution potential is constrained in shallow water environments, spill size has significant impact on the magnitude and duration of potential exposure regimes for water column organisms. Spills of 250 bbls or less pose minimal concern for water column communities with potential net benefit to other coastal resources. The trade-offs were not so obvious for larger spills. The exposure regimes and potential impacts for water-column organisms that would be maximally exposed during a dispersant operation were compared to the exposures and potential impacts for organisms and habitats exposed to floating oil and oil stranded on shorelines, at levels that could result during a mechanical recovery operation. These potential impacts are compared on a spatial and temporal basis, and with consideration for potential rates of recovery
© 2003 with permission from APIThis project defines circumstances where a dispersant demonstration might be considered for an estuarine oil spill in Texas. In seeking approval for a spill of opportunity demonstration project, we developed criteria defining a viable dispersant response for consideration by the Region VI Regional Response Team. This paper presents the criteria and their rationale developed for Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi Bay, along with the results of recent training exercises. The criteria define the size and general location of an oil spill that might be considered appropriate for a trial dispersant application, and implementation of response and monitoring within a 2-hour window from notification. They are based on descriptions and characterizations of the habitats and species at risk in coastal areas, concentration and duration of dispersed oil plumes that might be generation in a response, potential impacts of these exposures, and the environmental trade-off between implementing mechanical response and a dispersant response. Because the dilution potential is constrained in shallow water environments, spill size has significant impact on the magnitude and duration of potential exposure regimes for water column organisms. Spills of 250 bbls or less pose minimal concern for water column communities with potential net benefit to other coastal resources. The trade-offs were not so obvious for larger spills. The exposure regimes and potential impacts for water-column organisms that would be maximally exposed during a dispersant operation were compared to the exposures and potential impacts for organisms and habitats exposed to floating oil and oil stranded on shorelines, at levels that could result during a mechanical recovery operation. These potential impacts are compared on a spatial and temporal basis, and with consideration for potential rates of recovery
Aurand, D.; Coelho, G. 2003. Ecological Risk Assessment: Consensus Workshop. Environmental Tradeoffs Associated with Oil Spill Response Technologies. U.S. and British Virgin Islands, Lusby, Md: Ecosystem Manamgement & Associates. 34p.
Aurand, D.; Coelho, G. 2006. Ecological Risk Assessment: Consensus Workshop. Environmental Tradeoffs Associated With Oil Spill Response Technologies. Mexico – United States Pacific Coastal Border Region. A Report to the US Coast Guard, District 11, Lusby, Md: Ecosystem Management & Associates, Inc. 50p..
Aurand, D. et al. 2001. Results from cooperative ecological risk assessments for oil spill response planning in Galveston Bay, Texas and the San Francisco Bay area, California. In 2001 International Oil Spill Conference: Global Strategies for Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Restoration: March 26-29, 2001, Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 167-175. URL
Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of two cooperative ecological risk assessments (ERAs) that examined the potential environmental consequences of oil spill scenarios, two in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay, California and one in Galveston Bay, Texas. The goal of the evaluation was to identify the optimum mix of response options for reducing injury to the environment. For these specific scenarios, the participants concluded that only dispersant use, assuming high effectiveness, had the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact when compared to natural recovery. While water-column effects increased with dispersant use, they were not long-term and judged to be of less ecological significance than shoreline or water-surface impacts. Aside from dispersant use, only shoreline cleanup was effective in clearly mitigating impacts, and obviously would not prevent the immediate consequences of the spills. The optimum response was viewed as involving some combination of the various response options. There were some issues with data adequacy in both locations, but both groups felt the information was adequate for the analysis. In both ERAs, participants emphasized that the conclusions were scenario specific, and that additional analyses would be necessary before any significant generalizations could be made
© 2001 with permission from APIThis paper summarizes the results of two cooperative ecological risk assessments (ERAs) that examined the potential environmental consequences of oil spill scenarios, two in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay, California and one in Galveston Bay, Texas. The goal of the evaluation was to identify the optimum mix of response options for reducing injury to the environment. For these specific scenarios, the participants concluded that only dispersant use, assuming high effectiveness, had the potential to significantly reduce environmental impact when compared to natural recovery. While water-column effects increased with dispersant use, they were not long-term and judged to be of less ecological significance than shoreline or water-surface impacts. Aside from dispersant use, only shoreline cleanup was effective in clearly mitigating impacts, and obviously would not prevent the immediate consequences of the spills. The optimum response was viewed as involving some combination of the various response options. There were some issues with data adequacy in both locations, but both groups felt the information was adequate for the analysis. In both ERAs, participants emphasized that the conclusions were scenario specific, and that additional analyses would be necessary before any significant generalizations could be made
Aurand, D. et al. 2001. Ten years of research by the U.S. oil industry to evaluate the ecological issues of dispersant use: an overview of the past decade. In 2001 International Oil Spill Conference: Global Strategies for Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Restoration: March 26-29, 2001, Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 429-434. URL
Abstract
The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) recently completed a multiyear research program on dispersants and dispersed oil consisting of four elements: information synthesis and dissemination, improved laboratory methods for toxicity evaluation, mesocosm testing, and field experiments. These research efforts contributed to the recent changes in the way dispersants are viewed in the United States. When combined with other research findings from the last 10 years, this information, now available to response planners, greatly improved and contributed to a growing interest in the use of dispersants, including the potential for the extension of preauthorization areas. The primary objectives of this paper are to summarize the objectives of the program, highlight major findings, and identify the sources where the results can be examined in detail
© 2001 with permission from APIThe Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) recently completed a multiyear research program on dispersants and dispersed oil consisting of four elements: information synthesis and dissemination, improved laboratory methods for toxicity evaluation, mesocosm testing, and field experiments. These research efforts contributed to the recent changes in the way dispersants are viewed in the United States. When combined with other research findings from the last 10 years, this information, now available to response planners, greatly improved and contributed to a growing interest in the use of dispersants, including the potential for the extension of preauthorization areas. The primary objectives of this paper are to summarize the objectives of the program, highlight major findings, and identify the sources where the results can be examined in detail
Aurand, D. et al. 2004. Texas General Land Office “Spill of Opportunity” Dispersant Demonstration Project Description, Lusby, Md: Ecosystem Management and Associates. (no page information available).
Aurand, D.V. 1998. Chemical Response to Oil Spills: Ecological Effects Research Forum: Dispersant and Dispersed Oil Laboratory Toxicity Studies Research Plan, Purcellville, Va: Ecosystem Management & Associates. 17p.. URL
Australian Marine Safety Agency. 1998. National Plan Oil Spill Dispersant Effectiveness Test - Field Kit (Nat-DET), Melbourne: AMSA. 4p.
Avolizi, R.J.; Nuwayhid, M. 1974. Effects of crude oil and dispersants on bivalves. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 5 (10): 149-153. ISSN: 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(74)90007-1.
Abstract
The toxic effects of crude oil, the dispersant, Corexit 7664, and mixtures of these on the respiration and mortality of two species of bivalve have been examined. A light Arabian crude is most toxic to one, Corexit is most toxic to the other. The susceptibility to oil of the mussel Brachidontes is also reflected in a significant depression of respiration rate at sub-lethal concentrations
Reprinted from Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 5, R.J. Avolizi, M. Nuwayhid, Copyright 1974, with permission from Elsevier.The toxic effects of crude oil, the dispersant, Corexit 7664, and mixtures of these on the respiration and mortality of two species of bivalve have been examined. A light Arabian crude is most toxic to one, Corexit is most toxic to the other. The susceptibility to oil of the mussel Brachidontes is also reflected in a significant depression of respiration rate at sub-lethal concentrations
Baca, B.; Ward, G.A.; Lane, C.H.; Schuler, P.A. 2005. Net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) of dispersed oil on nearshore tropical ecosystems derived from the 20 year "TROPICS" field study. In 2005 International Oil Spill Conference; Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Restoration: May 15-19, 2005, Miami Beach Convention Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 453-456. URL
Abstract
In November 1984, non-treated Prudhoe Bay crude oil and dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil were intentionally released into two separate sites, representative of nearshore mangrove, seagrass, and coral ecosystems, as part of the Tropical Oil Pollution Investigations in Coastal Systems (TROPICS) field study in Bahia de Almirante, Panama. Data on the relative effects of non-treated crude oil and dispersed crude oil on these ecosystems (compared to a reference site) were acquired analyzed over various periods (30 days, 3 months, and 2.6, 10, 17, 18, and 20 years). in the short term, the oil caused mortality to invertebrate fauna, seagrass beds, and corals at both sites. At the non-treated crude oil site, there was also significant mortality to the mangrove forest. Twenty-year observations on mangrove substrate core samples reveal the continued presence of oil and diminished mangrove repopulation, as well as substrate erosion, at the non-treated crude oil site. No oil was detected and no long-term impacts were observed at the dispersed crude oil and reference sites. These results provide baseline scientific data for developing a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of dispersant use in nearshore tropical systems. This paper is a review of TROPICS data and its application to NEBA preparation. Data and NEBA from the 20-year TROPICS study clearly show that the use of dispersant in the nearshore environment is a sound strategy for both minimizing environmental damage to tropical ecosystems and for providing the best opportunity for recovery and repopulation in this environment. Results of this work should be applicable to similar tropical ecosystems
© 2005 with permission from APIIn November 1984, non-treated Prudhoe Bay crude oil and dispersed Prudhoe Bay crude oil were intentionally released into two separate sites, representative of nearshore mangrove, seagrass, and coral ecosystems, as part of the Tropical Oil Pollution Investigations in Coastal Systems (TROPICS) field study in Bahia de Almirante, Panama. Data on the relative effects of non-treated crude oil and dispersed crude oil on these ecosystems (compared to a reference site) were acquired analyzed over various periods (30 days, 3 months, and 2.6, 10, 17, 18, and 20 years). in the short term, the oil caused mortality to invertebrate fauna, seagrass beds, and corals at both sites. At the non-treated crude oil site, there was also significant mortality to the mangrove forest. Twenty-year observations on mangrove substrate core samples reveal the continued presence of oil and diminished mangrove repopulation, as well as substrate erosion, at the non-treated crude oil site. No oil was detected and no long-term impacts were observed at the dispersed crude oil and reference sites. These results provide baseline scientific data for developing a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of dispersant use in nearshore tropical systems. This paper is a review of TROPICS data and its application to NEBA preparation. Data and NEBA from the 20-year TROPICS study clearly show that the use of dispersant in the nearshore environment is a sound strategy for both minimizing environmental damage to tropical ecosystems and for providing the best opportunity for recovery and repopulation in this environment. Results of this work should be applicable to similar tropical ecosystems
Baca, B.; Ward, G.A.; Lane, C.H.; Schuler, P.A. 2006. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of dispersed oil on nearshore tropical ecosystems derived from the 20 year "TROPICS" field study. In Proceedings of the Interspill 2006 Conference, London (Electronic Media), Brussels: European Maritime Safety Agency. 4p..
Baca, B.J.; Getter, C.D. 1984. The toxicity of oil and chemically dispersed oil to the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Oil Spill Chemical Dispersants: Research, Experience and Recommendations. A Symposium Sponsored by ASTM Committee F-20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response, West Palm Beach, Florida, October 12-13, 1982, Philadelphia, Pa: American Society for Testing and Materials. pp. 314-323. ISBN: 0803104006.
Abstract
Turtle grass beds, a valuable natural resource, are diminishing throughout the tropics because of damage from dredging, boats, and other factors. The toxicity of chemical dispersants and crude oil to turtle grass was determined in the laboratory to assess the potential for damage from spills occurring in the field. Studies of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of crude oil in static bioassays showed that a chemical dispersant (Corexit® 9527) increased the amount of total oil in water more than 50-fold. The toxicity of chemically dispersed oil was assessed by conventional (96-h 50% lethal concentration) methods in static systems, and the results were compared with toxicity measurements where the system was flushed after 12 h. the 12-h single dose systems simulated certain active natural systems by the incorporation of dilution by tides and by using shorter exposure times. The rationale was verified by work with oil spills in the tropics. Using actual total hydrocarbon concentration for crude oil, dispersed oil, and dispersants alone allowed a comparison of their toxicities. Prudhoe Bay crude WSF was more toxic than dispersed oil or dispersant alone, possible because of the large component of benzene, toluene, and C-2 benzene. The percentage of green (chlorophyllous) leaves was useful as evidence of toxicity. The importance of anatomical features such as the recessed meristem and abundant leaf sheaths in protecting the growing region from waterborne pollutants was evident
© ASTM International. Used with permission of ASTM InternationalTurtle grass beds, a valuable natural resource, are diminishing throughout the tropics because of damage from dredging, boats, and other factors. The toxicity of chemical dispersants and crude oil to turtle grass was determined in the laboratory to assess the potential for damage from spills occurring in the field. Studies of water-soluble fractions (WSF) of crude oil in static bioassays showed that a chemical dispersant (Corexit® 9527) increased the amount of total oil in water more than 50-fold. The toxicity of chemically dispersed oil was assessed by conventional (96-h 50% lethal concentration) methods in static systems, and the results were compared with toxicity measurements where the system was flushed after 12 h. the 12-h single dose systems simulated certain active natural systems by the incorporation of dilution by tides and by using shorter exposure times. The rationale was verified by work with oil spills in the tropics. Using actual total hydrocarbon concentration for crude oil, dispersed oil, and dispersants alone allowed a comparison of their toxicities. Prudhoe Bay crude WSF was more toxic than dispersed oil or dispersant alone, possible because of the large component of benzene, toluene, and C-2 benzene. The percentage of green (chlorophyllous) leaves was useful as evidence of toxicity. The importance of anatomical features such as the recessed meristem and abundant leaf sheaths in protecting the growing region from waterborne pollutants was evident
Baca, B.J.; Getter, C.D.; Ballou, T.G.; Linstedt-Siva, J. 1985. A method for site-specific planning for dispersant use. In Proceedings: 1985 Oil Spill Conference, (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), February 25-28, 1985, Los Angeles, California, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp.640.
Abstract
A method is described for site-specific advanced planning for dispersant use. The method was designed to be an integral part of a spill response plan for a portion of the California coast and to provide site-specific information to the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) regarding the use or nonuse of dispersants. The development of the dispersant use plan follows the findings of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and a special task force of government and industry representatives formed to develop and critique the plan for the California study area. The dispersant use plan considers several physical factors, including the type, amount, and trajectory of spilled oil, and ecological factors, such as species and habitat sensitivity and seasonality. Four categories of recommendations are given in maps: 1. Dispersant use recommended to protect sensitive intertidal habitats or species; 2. Dispersant use unrestricted; 3. Dispersant use with some restrictions; 4. Dispersant use not recommended. although the plan was originally designed for application in the central and southern California area, the method may be applied elsewhere with some modification
© 1985 with permission from APIA method is described for site-specific advanced planning for dispersant use. The method was designed to be an integral part of a spill response plan for a portion of the California coast and to provide site-specific information to the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) regarding the use or nonuse of dispersants. The development of the dispersant use plan follows the findings of the American Petroleum Institute (API), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and a special task force of government and industry representatives formed to develop and critique the plan for the California study area. The dispersant use plan considers several physical factors, including the type, amount, and trajectory of spilled oil, and ecological factors, such as species and habitat sensitivity and seasonality. Four categories of recommendations are given in maps: 1. Dispersant use recommended to protect sensitive intertidal habitats or species; 2. Dispersant use unrestricted; 3. Dispersant use with some restrictions; 4. Dispersant use not recommended. although the plan was originally designed for application in the central and southern California area, the method may be applied elsewhere with some modification
Baek, J.S.; Kim, G.S.; Cho, E.I. 1996. The biodegradation characteristics of the mixtures of Bunker-A, B oils with dispersants in the seawater. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 29 (6): 787-796. ISSN: 0374-8111.
Abstract
The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil were conducted to study the biodegradation characteristics of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed 1 mg of dispersant to be equivalent to 0.26 mg of BOD5 and to 0.60 mg of BOD20 in the natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed each 1 mg of dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil to be equivalent to 2.37 mg, 2.94 mg and 2.74 mg of TOD, respectively. The results of element analysis showed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dispersant to be 82.1%, 13.8%, 1.8% and 2.2%, respectively. Carbon and hydrogen contents of Bunker-A oil were found to be 73.3% and 13.5%, respectively, and carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents of Bunker-B oil to be 80.4%, 12.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Accordingly, the detection of nitrogen and phosphorus in dispersant shows that dispersants should be used with caution in coastal waters, with relation to eutrophication. The biodegradability of dispersant expressed as the ratio of BOD5/TOD was found to be 11.0%. As the mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil (3 mg/l) and a mixture of Bunker-B oil (3 mg/l) were changed from 1:10 to 5:10, the biodegradabilities of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and Bunker-8 oil with dispersant increased from 2.1% to 7.2% and from 1.0% to 4.4%, respectively. Accordingly, the dispersant belongs to the organic matter group of middle-biodegradability while mixtures in the mix ratio range of 1:10-5:10 belong to the organic matter group of low-biodegradability. The deoxygenation rate constant (K1) and ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (L0) obtained from the biodegradation experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be 0.125/day and 2.487 mg/l for dispersant (4 mg/l), respectively. K1 and L0 were found to be 0.079-0.131/day and 0.318-2.052 mg/l for a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and to be 0.106-0.371/day and 0.262-1.106 mg/l for a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant, respectively, having 1:10-5:10 mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil. The ultimate biochemical oxygen demands of the mixtures increased as the mix ratio of dispersant to Bunker-A, B oils changed from 1:10 to 5:10. This suggests that the more dispersants are applied to the sea for the cleanup of Bunker-A oil or Bunker-B oil, the more the dissolved oxygen level decreases in the seawater
© CSA, 1996The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil were conducted to study the biodegradation characteristics of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed 1 mg of dispersant to be equivalent to 0.26 mg of BOD5 and to 0.60 mg of BOD20 in the natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed each 1 mg of dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil to be equivalent to 2.37 mg, 2.94 mg and 2.74 mg of TOD, respectively. The results of element analysis showed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dispersant to be 82.1%, 13.8%, 1.8% and 2.2%, respectively. Carbon and hydrogen contents of Bunker-A oil were found to be 73.3% and 13.5%, respectively, and carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents of Bunker-B oil to be 80.4%, 12.3% and 0.7%, respectively. Accordingly, the detection of nitrogen and phosphorus in dispersant shows that dispersants should be used with caution in coastal waters, with relation to eutrophication. The biodegradability of dispersant expressed as the ratio of BOD5/TOD was found to be 11.0%. As the mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil (3 mg/l) and a mixture of Bunker-B oil (3 mg/l) were changed from 1:10 to 5:10, the biodegradabilities of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and Bunker-8 oil with dispersant increased from 2.1% to 7.2% and from 1.0% to 4.4%, respectively. Accordingly, the dispersant belongs to the organic matter group of middle-biodegradability while mixtures in the mix ratio range of 1:10-5:10 belong to the organic matter group of low-biodegradability. The deoxygenation rate constant (K1) and ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (L0) obtained from the biodegradation experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be 0.125/day and 2.487 mg/l for dispersant (4 mg/l), respectively. K1 and L0 were found to be 0.079-0.131/day and 0.318-2.052 mg/l for a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and to be 0.106-0.371/day and 0.262-1.106 mg/l for a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant, respectively, having 1:10-5:10 mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil. The ultimate biochemical oxygen demands of the mixtures increased as the mix ratio of dispersant to Bunker-A, B oils changed from 1:10 to 5:10. This suggests that the more dispersants are applied to the sea for the cleanup of Bunker-A oil or Bunker-B oil, the more the dissolved oxygen level decreases in the seawater
Baker, J.M. 1971. Studies on salt-marsh communities. Comparative toxicities of oils, oil fractions, and emulsifiers. The Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution on Littoral Communities: Proceedings of a Symposium organized by the Institute of Petroleum and held at the Zoological Society of London, 30 November - 1 December 1970, London: Institute of Petroleum. pp. 78-87. ISBN: 0852930283.
Abstract
Work on salt-marsh plants has shown that the low-boiling fractions of crude oil are the most toxic. Fresh crude oil is more toxic than weathered oil. Further evidence from the literature is reviewed: oils vary in their toxicity according to the content of low-boiling compounds, unsaturated compounds, aromatics, and acids. The higher the concentration of these constituents, the more toxic the oil. All undiluted emulsifiers tested were more toxic to plants than fresh Kuwait crude oil, but none caused permanent damage at concentrations of less than 10%
© CSA, 1973Work on salt-marsh plants has shown that the low-boiling fractions of crude oil are the most toxic. Fresh crude oil is more toxic than weathered oil. Further evidence from the literature is reviewed: oils vary in their toxicity according to the content of low-boiling compounds, unsaturated compounds, aromatics, and acids. The higher the concentration of these constituents, the more toxic the oil. All undiluted emulsifiers tested were more toxic to plants than fresh Kuwait crude oil, but none caused permanent damage at concentrations of less than 10%
Baker, J.M. 1976. Environmental effect of oil and the chemicals used to control it on the shore and splash zones. The Control of Oil Pollution on the Sea and Inland Waters, London: Graham and Trotman Ltd. pp. 57-72.
Baker, J.M.; Crapp, G.B. 1974. Toxicity tests for predicting the ecological effects of oil and emulsifier pollution on littoral communities. Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and Dispersants, New York: Wiley. pp. 23-40. ISBN: 0470071907.
Abstract
The paper describes tests made in an attempt to bridge the gap between laboratory and field studies on the relative toxicity of oils and emulsifiers, and the effects of these on communities in saltmarshes and rocky shores. Tests were carried out on the relative toxicities of oils by using saltmarsh turves housed in greenhouses; it was found that little additional information was obtained by this method than by easier methods used previously. Tests were carried out in the field to investigate the effect of oil spillage on a saltmarsh community by treating 8 plots in each of 3 different saltmarsh communities with varying amounts of Kuwait crude. The results of these field tests corresponded well with observations following actual oil spillages. Laboratory tests on the toxicity of the emulsifier BP 1002 were carried out by exposing animals to various concentrations in sea water for one hour, then rinsing them in sea water in which they were left to recover. Relating the results to effects of pollution in the field proved difficult, but enough information was collected to show that these results were reflected in the field mortalities. Factors affecting the accuracy of short-and long-term predictions of ecological effects of the use of emulsifiers are discussed, and following this, some ecological predictions are made, based on the results of tests in the laboratory using the new emulsifier, BP 1100, and taking into account correlations between the laboratory and field toxicities of BP 1002, and the factors described above
© CSA, 1975The paper describes tests made in an attempt to bridge the gap between laboratory and field studies on the relative toxicity of oils and emulsifiers, and the effects of these on communities in saltmarshes and rocky shores. Tests were carried out on the relative toxicities of oils by using saltmarsh turves housed in greenhouses; it was found that little additional information was obtained by this method than by easier methods used previously. Tests were carried out in the field to investigate the effect of oil spillage on a saltmarsh community by treating 8 plots in each of 3 different saltmarsh communities with varying amounts of Kuwait crude. The results of these field tests corresponded well with observations following actual oil spillages. Laboratory tests on the toxicity of the emulsifier BP 1002 were carried out by exposing animals to various concentrations in sea water for one hour, then rinsing them in sea water in which they were left to recover. Relating the results to effects of pollution in the field proved difficult, but enough information was collected to show that these results were reflected in the field mortalities. Factors affecting the accuracy of short-and long-term predictions of ecological effects of the use of emulsifiers are discussed, and following this, some ecological predictions are made, based on the results of tests in the laboratory using the new emulsifier, BP 1100, and taking into account correlations between the laboratory and field toxicities of BP 1002, and the factors described above
This database consists of citations found in journals, conference proceedings, government reports and gray literature covering over 40 years of published research on oil spill dispersants. Citations were collected from 1960 through June 2008. This bibliography was compiled and edited by John Conover, Associate Librarian at LUMCON, and funded by a grant from the Louisiana Applied and Educational Oil Spill Research and Development Program (OSRADP).
EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Quarterly Issues
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Compilations
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- Biology
- Ecological, anatomical, and physiological effects of oil and/or gas, Species as biomarkers, PAH uptake and bioaccumulation, etc.
- Chemistry/Geochemistry/Geology
- Biochemistry, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Hydrocarbon degradation, Environmental sampling, Soil contamination, etc.
- Engineering/Physics
- Technological advancements in facility/equipment design and use, Spill response and recovery equipment, Physical properties of oil and gas, etc.
- Environment/Ecosystem Management/Spills
- Environmental assessment and management, Oil and/or gas spill description and analysis, etc.
- Socioeconomic/Regulation/General
- Social and economic ramifications, Politics, Governmental policy and legislation, Organizational policy, General interest, etc.
Giessing, Anders M. B.; Mayer, Lawrence M.; Forbes, Thomas L. 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide as the major aqueous pyrene metabolite in tissue and gut fluid from the marine deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003;
Volume 22 (5): 1107-1114. ISSN: 0730-7268.
Phase I and phase II metabolites were identified in a species of polychaete after exposing the organism to pyrene. It is believed that 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, the only phase I metabolite of pyrene in this species, is a useful biomarker for PAH exposure.
Lichtfouse, E.; Eglinton, T.I. 13C and 14C evidence of pollution of a soil by fossil fuel and reconstruction of the composition of the pollutant. Organic Geochemistry, October 1995;
Volume 23 (10): 969-973. ISSN: 0146-6380.
Researchers use 13C/12C ratios, the 14C age and relative concentrations to assess the origins of n-alkanes in a polluted soil
Johannesen, J. et al. 3D oil migration modelling of the Jurassic petroleum system of the Stratfjord area, Norwegian North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience, 2002;
Volume 8 (1): 37-50. ISSN: 1354-0793.
This modelling study enabled researchers to determine the vertical and lateral migration of hydrocarbons over time, and to conclude that present-day resources are the result of a multi-layered, multi-directional migrating system originating from three separate fields.
Kong, Vincent W. T.; Smethurst, J.; Chiem, B. H.; Stewart, R. C.; Teh, G. H. 3D marine exploration seismic survey in shallow water area, offshore Sabah. Warta Geologi [Newsletter of the Geological Society of Malaysia], 1989;
Volume 15
Rowson, Chris. 4C seismic technology makes mark in Caspian Sea. Offshore, 2003;
Volume 63 (5): 50. ISSN: 0030-0608.
Continued investments in oil exploration in the Caspian Sea and the surrounding region has resulted in the use of modern exploration methods. Geophysical surveys that consist of (4C) 3D seismic surveys are being used to improve imaging of the subsurface.
Schmidt, Victor A. 2-D seismic vessels for 3-D missions: old 2-D vessels can be used in new, more productive ways, serving vessel owners, oil companies. Sea Technology, September 1994;
Volume 35 (9): 15-22. ISSN: 0093-3651.
Schmidt reports on the status of the geophysical exploration industry and examines the 2-D versus 3-D vessel problem
Taylor, Susan. 0.45- to 1.1-æm spectra of Prudhoe crude oil and of beach materials in Prince William Sound, Alaska, [Hanover, NJ]. US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory: 1992;
Volume Special Report (U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) (92-5): 14 p..
1993 final work plan: Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration, Anchorage, AK. The Trustees: [1993];
A plan of action is outlined regarding remediation of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill
LaBelle, R. P.; Galt, J. A.; Tennyson, E. J.; McGrattan, K. B. 1993 Spill off Tampa Bay, a candidate for burning?. Proceedings: Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Ottawa. Environment Canada: 1994;
Volume 1 635-649.
Authors describe the general behavior and movements of the spilled oil and the sea and weather conditions during and following the August 10, 1993 collision of the Tank Barge Ocean 255 and the Tank Barge Bouchard B-155 with the freighter Balsa 37 in Tampa Bay, Florida. In addition, discussed is the possibility of removing the oil by in-situ burning, and the results of smoke plume model runs
3D seismic yields more oil for Oryx off Texas. Oil and Gas Journal, 8-Nov-93;
Volume 91 33. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Reported is confirmation of a 25-30 million bbl oil discovery in the Gulf of Mexico by Oryx Energy, Dallas, employing a 3D seismic survey
1991 Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, March 1991, American Petroleum Institute: 1991;
Volume American Petroleum Institute Publications (4529):
1991 oil spill conference papers sought. Ocean Science News, April 10, 1990;
Volume 32 (10): 5.
1971 oil pollution compensation fund wound up. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000;
Volume 40 (12): 1068. ISSN: 0025-326X.
A protocol was recently signed for the ending of the IOPC Fund, which is replaced by a Fund agreed on in 1992. The latter Fund allows for higher compensation for parties affected by oil pollution.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1991 state/federal natural resource damage assessment and restoration plan for the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Juneau, AK. Trustee Council: 1991;
Anon. 700,000 gallons of oil spilled in Texas. Environmental Protection News, September 8, 1990;
Volume 5 (17): 4.
Cedar-Southworth, Donna. 1995 promises good opportunities for offshore operators. MMS Today, Feb-95;
Volume 5 (1): 7-Jun.
Hank Bartholomew, Deputy Associate Director for Offshore Operations, discusses some of the high priorities for 1995, including interaction with states on oill spill response, OHMSETT plans, and training and safety programs
Hull, Jennifer Pallanich. 40 rigs at work in water depths over 1,000 feet. Offshore, 2001;
Volume 61 (2): 16. ISSN: 0030-0608.
The Minerals Management Service sees the amount of deepwater drilling activity as a good indication for potential economic growth in the Gulf of Mexico region.
Knott, D. 10 years on from Exxon Valdez spill. Oil & Gas Journal, March 22, 1999;
Volume 97 (12): 45. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Greenpeace campaigner, Matthew Spencer, told Oil & Gas Journal that 10 years after the Exxon Valdez spill the important issue was whether or not the politicians were doing a better job of regulating the oil industry. Archie Smith, Chief Executive of Oil Spill Response Ltd. of the U.K., said 'the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 which arose because of the Exxon Valdez spill, increased the industry's understanding of the risks and preparedness for dealing with spills'
Neil, Chris. 2003 shows spot cargoes, tankers to dictate US LNG supplies, not terminal
capacities. Oil & Gas Journal, 2004;
Volume 102 (12): 70-72. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Data presented in this article shows an increase in LNG spot cargo imports to the US for 2002 and 2003. Analysts predict that this trend will not continue for 2004 and 2005 based on the costs of regasification versus market prices for gas.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team. 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources: overview of the 1995 National Assessment of Potential Additions to Technically Recoverable Resources of Oil and Gas--Onshore and State Waters of the United States. Denver, CO. USGS Information Services: 1995;
Volume Circular 1118 20 p..
This circular is the fourth in a series of systematic assessments of undiscovered oil and gas in the United States
This bibliography is a quarterly compilation of current publications (citations with abstracts) from a wide variety of electronic and print information sources relating to offshore oil and gas development. It is compiled and edited by John Conover, Associate Librarian at LUMCON. Items listed may or may not be available at the LUMCON Library. Items without annotations were unavailable for perusal prior to publication.
All questions about using library facilities, locating library resources, or searching LUMCON catalogs should be directed to the Librarian.