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ABOUT THE LIBRARY
The LUMCON Library collection was originally housed in Ellender Memorial Library, located at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. After completion of the DeFelice Marine Center in 1986, the collection was moved to its present location. Since that time, the Library has become an active resource center for LUMCON faculty and staff as well as Consortium member institutions, visiting researchers, students, and the public.
The library contains a computer lab and several study spaces available to visiting students, scientists, or groups (such as attendees of a writing retreat).
The collection and development of library materials reflects LUMCON’s research programs. The collection has approximately:
- 4,600 monographs
- 5,800 bound volumes
- 200 journal titles
- 26 current journal subscriptions
- 850 maps
- 35 atlases
- 3,600 government documents
- 1,500 reprints
In addition, the library houses a complete collection of research products generated by DeFelice Marine Center personnel since LUMCON’s inception.
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- Books can be checked out by filling out a card at the circulation desk. The length of time a book can be checked out varies depending on the patron’s status. Books may be renewed by contacting the department, but all items are subject to recall at any time.
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Food is not allowed in the Library under any circumstance. Drinks are only allowed with prior approval by the librarian or the security guard.
INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
The LUMCON Library is available as an internship site for graduate-level students who have completed at least two semesters toward a Master’s degree in Library and Information Science. Applications will be accepted on a continuing basis and internships may be completed during any semester. Prior library experience or an undergraduate degree in science is desirable, but not necessary. Credits will be awarded based on the number of person-hours completed (40 person-hours per credit hour).
The internship will consist of both field experience, encompassing many operations of a special library, and a special project in technical services. The Librarian will give the intern an overview of reference services, technical services, library administration, and budgeting, and will guide the intern through special projects. The LUMCON Library uses SIRSI/Dynix’s Symphony Integrated Library System as well as OCLC for Cataloging/Interlibrary Loan services.
Contact the Librarian for more information or to apply for an internship.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the following individuals for their guidance and input when creating the Dispersants Bibliography:
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- Victoria Broje, Per Daling, Alun Lewis, and Francois-Xavier Merlin offered valuable assistance in the early phases of this project. Per Daling’s support was especially noteworthy, by providing conference proceedings that otherwise could not be obtained.
- Deborah Ansell, ITOPF’s librarian, contributed by sharing her sizeable list of library holdings on dispersant publications with us, and filling in gaps where existing citation information was incomplete.
- Likewise, Julie Anne Richardson, librarian for Environment Canada, compiled a publication listing on dispersants housed in her collection, which provided us with additional citations for our project.
- Qianxin Lin at Louisiana State University provided API conference proceedings for us to use in transcribing abstracts.
- Nancy Kinner at the Coastal Response Research Center provided encouragement, focus, and connected us with some of the aforementioned people.
- Finally, Don Davis and Karen Reeder Emory at OSRADP deserve special mention for all of their help and direction during the span of this project.
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The LUMCON Library is a member of the International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers (IAMSLIC), the Southeast Affiliate of IAMSLIC Libraries (SAIL), and the Louisiana Library Network and Information Consortium (LOUIS). Additionally, the Library has access to OCLC Cataloging/Interlibrary loan services.
Click here to search LUMCON’s e-Library catalog using the LOUIS portal.
DISPERSANTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Total Records Found: 1944
Kucklick, J.H.; Aurand, D. 1997. Historical dispersant and in-situ burning opportunities in the United States. In Proceedings: 1997 International Oil Spill Conference: Improving Environmental Protection: Progress, Challenges, Responsibilities: April 7-10, 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 805-810. URL
Abstract
Evaluating the value of using dispersants or in situ burning in various regions of the United States requires an estimate of how often such technology might reasonably be considered. This study collected information on marine oil spills of 1000 barrels or more occurring in the coastal and offshore waters of the Unites States (excluding Alaska) from 1973 through June 1994. Each incident was examined using criteria for oil type, weather conditions, water depth, and distance from the shoreline. This allowed the frequency and geographic distribution of dispersible and burnable spills to be estimated. The effect of modifying the criteria on the frequency distribution of dispersible and burnable spills was evaluated. Data were obtained on 138 refined product and 69 crude oil spills. The majority of these spills occurred in shallow water, close to the shoreline, and/or close to a sensitive receptor. Depending on the severity of the criteria, between 10% and 51% of the crude oil spills and 4% and 18% of the refined oil spills studied were realistic candidates for dispersant use. Between 35% and 58% of the crude and 22% and 38% of the refined oil spills were realistic candidates for burning
© 1997 with permission from APIEvaluating the value of using dispersants or in situ burning in various regions of the United States requires an estimate of how often such technology might reasonably be considered. This study collected information on marine oil spills of 1000 barrels or more occurring in the coastal and offshore waters of the Unites States (excluding Alaska) from 1973 through June 1994. Each incident was examined using criteria for oil type, weather conditions, water depth, and distance from the shoreline. This allowed the frequency and geographic distribution of dispersible and burnable spills to be estimated. The effect of modifying the criteria on the frequency distribution of dispersible and burnable spills was evaluated. Data were obtained on 138 refined product and 69 crude oil spills. The majority of these spills occurred in shallow water, close to the shoreline, and/or close to a sensitive receptor. Depending on the severity of the criteria, between 10% and 51% of the crude oil spills and 4% and 18% of the refined oil spills studied were realistic candidates for dispersant use. Between 35% and 58% of the crude and 22% and 38% of the refined oil spills were realistic candidates for burning
Kucklick, J.H.; Walker, A.H.; Pond, R.; Aurand, D. 1997. Dispersant Use: Considerations of Biological Concerns in the Upper 10 Meters of Marine Waters and in Shallow Coastal Waters. Proceedings from a Workshop, August 27-28, 1996, Baltimore, MD, Alexandria, Va: Scientific and Environmental Associates, Inc. 104p.
Kühl, H.; Mann, H. 1967. The toxicity of various oil-counteracting agents for sea- and freshwater animals. Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 16 (4): 321-327. ISSN: 0017-9957. doi:10.1007/BF01610530.
Abstract
Lethal limits for 14 oil-emulsifying agents were established for a range of concentrations between 0.001 and 0.1 ml/l. Different reactions were noted between concentrations in freshwater and seawater. Crude oil alone was found to be less detrimental to organisms than a mixture of crude and emulsifying agents
Lethal limits for 14 oil-emulsifying agents were established for a range of concentrations between 0.001 and 0.1 ml/l. Different reactions were noted between concentrations in freshwater and seawater. Crude oil alone was found to be less detrimental to organisms than a mixture of crude and emulsifying agents
Kühnhold W.W. 1972. The influence of crude oils on fish fry. Marine Pollution and Sea Life, West Byfleet (Surrey), U.K: Fishing News Ltd. for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 315-318. ISBN: 0852380216.
Abstract
Experiments are reported on the effects of dissolved and dispersed crude oils (from Venezuela, Iran, and Libya) on various stages of cod eggs and young larvae of cod, herring, and plaice. Results, which varied widely depending on the type of oil, showed that the mortality of the eggs was proportional to the concentration of dissolved substances up to a certain limit, the eggs were most sensitive during the first 3 days of their development, and the 10 day-old embryos showed no greater mortality than the controls. Even with concentrations sub-lethal to eggs, many larvae that hatched showed abnormalities and could hardly survive. Larvae were more sensitive than embryos and after a critical point was reached there was no recovery in clean water; the 'mean critical time' taken to reach this point was used to compare the toxicity of different oils. Dispersions were 10-100 times more toxic than a floating hydrocarbon pollutant of the same volume and the toxicity of a dispersion increased and persisted longer when prepared with a dispersing agent not in itself toxic. The larvae appeared to be incapable of detecting and avoiding hydrocarbon dispersions, the chemoreceptors becoming blocked very quickly on the first contact
© CSA, 1973Experiments are reported on the effects of dissolved and dispersed crude oils (from Venezuela, Iran, and Libya) on various stages of cod eggs and young larvae of cod, herring, and plaice. Results, which varied widely depending on the type of oil, showed that the mortality of the eggs was proportional to the concentration of dissolved substances up to a certain limit, the eggs were most sensitive during the first 3 days of their development, and the 10 day-old embryos showed no greater mortality than the controls. Even with concentrations sub-lethal to eggs, many larvae that hatched showed abnormalities and could hardly survive. Larvae were more sensitive than embryos and after a critical point was reached there was no recovery in clean water; the 'mean critical time' taken to reach this point was used to compare the toxicity of different oils. Dispersions were 10-100 times more toxic than a floating hydrocarbon pollutant of the same volume and the toxicity of a dispersion increased and persisted longer when prepared with a dispersing agent not in itself toxic. The larvae appeared to be incapable of detecting and avoiding hydrocarbon dispersions, the chemoreceptors becoming blocked very quickly on the first contact
Kuiper, J. 1985. Use of large-scale outdoor marine model ecosystems to assess the fate and effects of crude oil and dispersant-treated crude oil. In Proceedings: 1985 Oil Spill Conference, (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), February 25-28, 1985, Los Angeles, California, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 642.
Kuiper, J. 1984. The Fate and Effects of Dispersants and Dispersant-Treated Crude Oil in Marine Model Ecosystems with Different Mixing Regimes, The Hague: TNO. 79p..
Kuiper, J. 1985. The Influence of Dispersants on the Fate and Effects of Oil in Model Tidal Flat Ecosystems, The Hague: TNO. 11p..
Kumar, R.; Goyal, K.L. 1989. Suitability of indigenous dispersants in combating oil spills. Journal of Environmental Biology, 10 (Suppl. 2): 173-178. ISSN: 0254-8704.
Kussat, R.H. 1971. Field Experiment to Determine the Effectiveness and Piscian Toxicity of Four Oil Dispersants, Vancouver, B.C: Department of Fisheries and Forestry of Canada. 6p.
Kutt, E.C.; Martin, D.F. 1974. Effect of selected surfactants on the growth characteristics of Gymnodinium breve. Marine Biology, 28 (4): 253-259. ISSN: 0025-3162. doi:10.1007/BF00388492.
Abstract
A planktonic dinoflagellate was observed in growth studies while being exposed to a range of surfactant types. Anionic surfactants had more harmful effects compared with cationic and nonionic surfactants. Among the effects from anionic surfactant exposure included negative effects on initial response, growth rates, and maximum cell numbers. The least toxic surfactant tested was used in further tests to establish correlation between growth constant and maximum cell number with concentrations of surfactant in seawater. Mortality rates were noted in treated and non-treated samples
A planktonic dinoflagellate was observed in growth studies while being exposed to a range of surfactant types. Anionic surfactants had more harmful effects compared with cationic and nonionic surfactants. Among the effects from anionic surfactant exposure included negative effects on initial response, growth rates, and maximum cell numbers. The least toxic surfactant tested was used in further tests to establish correlation between growth constant and maximum cell number with concentrations of surfactant in seawater. Mortality rates were noted in treated and non-treated samples
Kuyukina, M.S. et al. 2005. Effect of biosurfactants on crude oil desorption and mobilization in a soil system. Environment International, 31 (2): 155-161. ISSN: 0160-4120. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.009.
Abstract
Microbially produced biosurfactants were studied to enhance crude oil desorption and mobilization in model soil column systems. The ability of biosurfactants from Rhodococcus rubber to remove the oil from the soil core was 1.4–2.3 times greater than that of a synthetic surfactant of suitable properties, Tween 60. Biosurfactant-enhanced oil mobilization was temperature-related, and it was slower at 15 °C than at 22–28 °C. Mathematical modelling using a one-dimensional filtration model was applied to simulate the process of oil penetration through a soil column in the presence of (bio)surfactants. A strong positive correlation (R2=0.99) was found between surfactant penetration through oil-contaminated soil and oil removal activity. Biosurfactant was less adsorbed to soil components than synthetic surfactant, thus rapidly penetrating through the soil column and effectively removing 65–82% of crude oil. Chemical analysis showed that crude oil removed by biosurfactant contained a lower proportion of high-molecular-weight paraffins and asphaltenes, the most nonbiodegradable compounds, compared to initial oil composition. This result suggests that oil mobilized by biosurfactants could be easily biodegraded by soil bacteria. Rhodococcus biosurfactants can be used for in situ remediation of oil-contaminated soils
Reprinted from Environment International, Volume 31, M.S. Kuyukina, I.B. Ivshina, S.O. Makarov, L.V. Litvinenko, C.J. Cunningham, J.C. Philp, Copyright 2005, with permission from ElsevierMicrobially produced biosurfactants were studied to enhance crude oil desorption and mobilization in model soil column systems. The ability of biosurfactants from Rhodococcus rubber to remove the oil from the soil core was 1.4–2.3 times greater than that of a synthetic surfactant of suitable properties, Tween 60. Biosurfactant-enhanced oil mobilization was temperature-related, and it was slower at 15 °C than at 22–28 °C. Mathematical modelling using a one-dimensional filtration model was applied to simulate the process of oil penetration through a soil column in the presence of (bio)surfactants. A strong positive correlation (R2=0.99) was found between surfactant penetration through oil-contaminated soil and oil removal activity. Biosurfactant was less adsorbed to soil components than synthetic surfactant, thus rapidly penetrating through the soil column and effectively removing 65–82% of crude oil. Chemical analysis showed that crude oil removed by biosurfactant contained a lower proportion of high-molecular-weight paraffins and asphaltenes, the most nonbiodegradable compounds, compared to initial oil composition. This result suggests that oil mobilized by biosurfactants could be easily biodegraded by soil bacteria. Rhodococcus biosurfactants can be used for in situ remediation of oil-contaminated soils
Kvelland, I. 1986. An investigation of the mutagenic effect in bacteriophage T4D of nine oil dispersants. Hereditas, 104 (2): 317-320. ISSN: 0018-0661.
Abstract
The toxic effects of oil dispersants have been investigated in many different test organisms. In the present investigation induction of rapid lysis mutants in bacteriophage T4D was used as a tool for measuring any possible mutagenic effect of Corexit 9527, Corexit 9550, Finasol OSR-4, OSR-5, OSR-7, BP1100, OSD 41, Dispolen 345 and Hexol 6141 in this organism
© CSA, 1986The toxic effects of oil dispersants have been investigated in many different test organisms. In the present investigation induction of rapid lysis mutants in bacteriophage T4D was used as a tool for measuring any possible mutagenic effect of Corexit 9527, Corexit 9550, Finasol OSR-4, OSR-5, OSR-7, BP1100, OSD 41, Dispolen 345 and Hexol 6141 in this organism
Kvelland, I. 1988. The mutagenic effect of five oil dispersants and of ethyleneglycolmonobutylether in bacteriophage T4D. Hereditas, 109 (1): 149-150. ISSN: 0018-0661.
La Schiazza, J.; Rodríguez-Grau, J.; Losada, F. 1997. Effects of a dispersed oil spill on biofouling communities. In Proceedings: 1997 International Oil Spill Conference: Improving Environmental Protection: Progress, Challenges, Responsibilities: April 7-10, 1997, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 1034-1035. URL
Abstract
Biofouling communities (groups of encrusting organisms) growing on Plexiglas plates were selected as bioindicators to evaluate the effects of a simulated dispersed crude oil spill. Results showed significant changes in the number of taxa, abundance, and percentage of substrate cover between treated and control groups; however, these effects represent a relatively low biological impact produced by the dispersed oil. The overall conclusion is that biofouling has a high recovery capacity despite an actual acute disturbance, since many biofouling organisms showed a significant resistance to the effects of dispersed crude oil
© 1997 with permission from APIBiofouling communities (groups of encrusting organisms) growing on Plexiglas plates were selected as bioindicators to evaluate the effects of a simulated dispersed crude oil spill. Results showed significant changes in the number of taxa, abundance, and percentage of substrate cover between treated and control groups; however, these effects represent a relatively low biological impact produced by the dispersed oil. The overall conclusion is that biofouling has a high recovery capacity despite an actual acute disturbance, since many biofouling organisms showed a significant resistance to the effects of dispersed crude oil
Lacaze, J.C. 1967. Study of the growth of planktonic algae in the presence of a detergent used for the destruction of oil layers on the sea. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences. D, Sciences Naturelles, 265 1489-1491. ISSN: 0567-655X.
Lacaze, J.C. 1969. Effects of “Torrey Canyon” type pollution on the unicellular marine algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Revue Internationale d'Océanographie Médicale, 13-14 157-179. ISSN: 0035-3493.
Lacaze, J.C. 1971. The utilization of a simple experimental device for study of water pollution in situ: comparative effects of three anti-petroleum emulsifying agents. Téthys, 3 (4): 705-715. ISSN: 0040-4012.
Abstract
An experimental ecosystem, consisting of a compartmentalized device capable of holding 560 liters of water in a field setting, was tested for its ability to be used to determine effects of pollutants on plankton and copepods. 40 mg/l concentrations of anti-petroleum products, including one of the Corexit family of dispersants, was added to the device while photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a concentrations, and plankton dry weight were used to establish effects on organisms. Corexit was found to produce weak and transitory changes during the 15-day trials
An experimental ecosystem, consisting of a compartmentalized device capable of holding 560 liters of water in a field setting, was tested for its ability to be used to determine effects of pollutants on plankton and copepods. 40 mg/l concentrations of anti-petroleum products, including one of the Corexit family of dispersants, was added to the device while photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a concentrations, and plankton dry weight were used to establish effects on organisms. Corexit was found to produce weak and transitory changes during the 15-day trials
Lacaze, J.C. 1972. Effects of three anti-petroleum emulsifiers on the primary productivity of an experimental community of benthic diatoms. Vie et milieu. Série B: Oceanographie, 23 (1): 51-67. ISSN: 0506-8924.
Abstract
Anti-petroleum products, including Gamasol--used extensively in the Torrey Canyon incident--were introduced into micro-communities of benthic diatoms in controlled ecosystem experiments. 30-minute exposure to Gamasol at 40 mg/l concentrations led to complete destruction of the diatom community
Anti-petroleum products, including Gamasol--used extensively in the Torrey Canyon incident--were introduced into micro-communities of benthic diatoms in controlled ecosystem experiments. 30-minute exposure to Gamasol at 40 mg/l concentrations led to complete destruction of the diatom community
Lacaze, J.C. 1973. Influence of illumination on the biodegradation of a nonionic surface-active agent used for the dispersion of oil spills at sea. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences. D, Sciences Naturelles, 272 409-412. ISSN: 0567-655X.
Lacaze, J.C. 1974. Effects of Three Emulsifying Agents Against Crude Oil on the Primary Productivity of an Experimental Community of Benthic Diatoms, Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 17p.
Lacaze, J.C. 1974. Influence of the Illumination of a Nonionic Surfactant Used for the Dispersion of Oil Spills at Sea, Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 8p.
Lacaze, J.C. 1974. Use of a Simple Experimental Device to Study Water Pollution in situ: Comparative Effects of Three Anti-Petroleum Emulsifying Agents, Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 22p.
Lacaze, J.C.; Villedon De Naïde, O. 1976. Influence of illumination of phytotoxicity of crude oil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 7 (4): 73-76. ISSN: 0025-326X. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(76)90018-7.
Abstract
Petroleum products discharged at the water surface are rapidly modified under the effect of physico chemical and biological transformations, themselves closely dependent on ecological factors. The role of some of these, such as illumination, may be particularly significant. This report deals with the effect of this parameter on the phytotoxicity of Kuwait crude oil on the primary production of a microalga (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and marine plankton communities. The result of these investigations indicates that the toxicity of extracts made from a crude oil is about two to three times greater when the latter is previously subjected to illumination of sufficient intensity and duration. The incorporation of a chemical dispersant (Corexit 8666) magnifies this phenomenon. In the case of a weathered crude oil mixed in equal parts with the dispersant, illumination raises the toxicity of the extracts by a factor of about 30
Reprinted from Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume 7, J.C. Lacaze, O. Villedon De Naïde, Copyright 1976, with permission from Elsevier.Petroleum products discharged at the water surface are rapidly modified under the effect of physico chemical and biological transformations, themselves closely dependent on ecological factors. The role of some of these, such as illumination, may be particularly significant. This report deals with the effect of this parameter on the phytotoxicity of Kuwait crude oil on the primary production of a microalga (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and marine plankton communities. The result of these investigations indicates that the toxicity of extracts made from a crude oil is about two to three times greater when the latter is previously subjected to illumination of sufficient intensity and duration. The incorporation of a chemical dispersant (Corexit 8666) magnifies this phenomenon. In the case of a weathered crude oil mixed in equal parts with the dispersant, illumination raises the toxicity of the extracts by a factor of about 30
Ladner, L.; Hagström, A. 1975. Oil spill protection in the Baltic Sea. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 47 (4): 796-809. ISSN: 0043-1303.
Abstract
Authors report on Swedish laws enacted regarding oil discharges into territorial waters and the means of controlling spilled oil. Also mentioned is a program between public and private sectors to combat spills. This paper also reports on the progress of studies carried out in support of the program such as dispersant and oil/dispersant toxicities in brackish waters, the fate and effects of oil in various ecosystems, as well as other investigations
Authors report on Swedish laws enacted regarding oil discharges into territorial waters and the means of controlling spilled oil. Also mentioned is a program between public and private sectors to combat spills. This paper also reports on the progress of studies carried out in support of the program such as dispersant and oil/dispersant toxicities in brackish waters, the fate and effects of oil in various ecosystems, as well as other investigations
Lai, H.C.; Feng, M.C. 1985. Field and laboratory studies on the toxicities of oils to mangroves. In Proceedings: 1985 Oil Spill Conference, (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), February 25-28, 1985, Los Angeles, California, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 539-546.
Abstract
Field and laboratory studies on the toxicities to mangroves and associated biota of undispersed and chemically dispersed oils are being conducted in Malaysia. Results to date show the following: 1) Most of the oils, both undispersed and dispersed, affect mainly the young Avicennia with heights less than 180 cm in the field. Toxicity to older saplings is less acute. 2) There appear to be few differences in the impact of oils on Avicennia saplings due to tides. 3) When the toxicities of dispersed and undispersed Arab light crude were compared, the following observations were made: most tests show either no significant differences between undispersed and dispersed oils or that undispersed crude is more toxic than dispersed crude, while a small percent show that dispersed crude is more toxic than undispersed crude. 4) When the toxicities of oil types, namely Bunker C, Malaysian crude, and Arab light crude to the saplings were compared, it was found that Bunker C was the least toxic, followed first by the Arab light and then the Malaysian crudes. 5) Growth of the commercially important tiger prawn introduced into a flowthrough system four months after an oil spill appeared normal. These animals compared well with those reared in oil-free tanks and those cultured in situ in ponds. 6) Most of the mortality of saplings was probably due to passive surface deposition as well as active uptake. The main accumulation site was leaf tissue as evidenced by GC analysis
© 1985 with permission from APIField and laboratory studies on the toxicities to mangroves and associated biota of undispersed and chemically dispersed oils are being conducted in Malaysia. Results to date show the following: 1) Most of the oils, both undispersed and dispersed, affect mainly the young Avicennia with heights less than 180 cm in the field. Toxicity to older saplings is less acute. 2) There appear to be few differences in the impact of oils on Avicennia saplings due to tides. 3) When the toxicities of dispersed and undispersed Arab light crude were compared, the following observations were made: most tests show either no significant differences between undispersed and dispersed oils or that undispersed crude is more toxic than dispersed crude, while a small percent show that dispersed crude is more toxic than undispersed crude. 4) When the toxicities of oil types, namely Bunker C, Malaysian crude, and Arab light crude to the saplings were compared, it was found that Bunker C was the least toxic, followed first by the Arab light and then the Malaysian crudes. 5) Growth of the commercially important tiger prawn introduced into a flowthrough system four months after an oil spill appeared normal. These animals compared well with those reared in oil-free tanks and those cultured in situ in ponds. 6) Most of the mortality of saplings was probably due to passive surface deposition as well as active uptake. The main accumulation site was leaf tissue as evidenced by GC analysis
Lambert, G.; Peakall, D.B. 1981. Thermoregulatory metabolism in mallard ducks exposed to crude oil and dispersant. In Proceedings of the Arctic Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, June 16-18, 1981, Edmonton, Alberta, Ottawa, Ont: Research and Development Division, Environmental Emergency Branch, Environmental Protection Service. pp. 181-194.
Lambert, G.; Peakall, D.B.; Philogène, B.J.; Engelhardt, F.R. 1982. Effect of oil and oil dispersant mixtures on the basal metabolic rate of ducks. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29 (5): 520-524. ISSN: 0007-4861. doi:10.1007/BF01669614.
Lambert, P. et al. 2000. Preliminary results from the laboratory study of a flow-through fluorometer for measuring oil-in-water levels. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program Technical Seminar, June 14 to 16, 2000, Coast Plaza Suite Hotel, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada. pp. 69-98.
Abstract
Two types of fluorometer were tested for their ability to 1) measure real-time oil-in-water concentrations, 2) compare the results against data from other procedures, and 3) to be used in conjunction with other laboratory analysis to better understand the connection between fluorescent signal and chemical composition of oils. For these tests, Corexit 9500 was used, as well as eight oils, including crude, diesel fuel, and fuel oil
Two types of fluorometer were tested for their ability to 1) measure real-time oil-in-water concentrations, 2) compare the results against data from other procedures, and 3) to be used in conjunction with other laboratory analysis to better understand the connection between fluorescent signal and chemical composition of oils. For these tests, Corexit 9500 was used, as well as eight oils, including crude, diesel fuel, and fuel oil
Lambert, P. et al. 2001. A laboratory study of a flow-through fluorometer for measuring oil-in-water levels. In Proceedings: Twenty-Fourth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar, Eighteenth Technical Seminar on Chemical Spills (TSOCS) and Third Phytoremediation/Biotechnology Solutions for Spills (PHYTO), June 12 to 14, 2001, Sheraton Grande Edmonton Hotel, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada. pp. 23-46.
Abstract
A comprehensive study was conducted with two flow-through fluorometer models made by Turner Instrument (10 AU and 10). This was undertaken to evaluate their ability to 1) measure real-time oil-in-water concentrations, 2) to compare results to other total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) procedures, and 3) to carry out supporting laboratory analysis to help explain the relationship of the fluorescence to the chemical composition in oils. The model 10 AU was equipped with a long wavelength optical kit for crude oils while the model 10 was equipped with a short wavelength optical kit for diesel fuels and light refined oil products. Eight oils and Corexit 9500 were used for the tests
A comprehensive study was conducted with two flow-through fluorometer models made by Turner Instrument (10 AU and 10). This was undertaken to evaluate their ability to 1) measure real-time oil-in-water concentrations, 2) to compare results to other total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) procedures, and 3) to carry out supporting laboratory analysis to help explain the relationship of the fluorescence to the chemical composition in oils. The model 10 AU was equipped with a long wavelength optical kit for crude oils while the model 10 was equipped with a short wavelength optical kit for diesel fuels and light refined oil products. Eight oils and Corexit 9500 were used for the tests
Lane, P.A. 1987. The Use of Chemical Dispersants in Salt Marshes, Ottawa, Ont: Environmental Studies Research Funds. 100p. ISBN: 09207983694. URL
Lane, P.A.; Vandermeulen, J.H.; Crowell, M.J.; Patriquin, D.G. 1987. Impact of experimentally dispersed crude oil on vegetation on a northwestern Atlantic salt marsh--preliminary observations. In Proceedings: 1987 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), April 6-9, 1987, Baltimore, Maryland, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 509-514.
Abstract
A number of weathered crude oil and chemical dispersant (Corexit 9527) spills were made experimentally in an Atlantic coast salt marsh during the summer of 1986. The intent of the spills was to measure the extent of damage and recovery potential of affected marsh vegetation, principally Spartina alterniflora and S. patens. Treatments included control, oil dispersant, and oil with dispersant applied in three vegetation zones (creek edge, midmarsh, and high marsh). S. alterniflora dominated in the first two zones and S. patens in the third. Measurements were made of plant height, stem density, flowering success, biomass, and other visually discernable characteristics. The study was complemented by laboratory investigations on samples of marsh maintained with sea water exposures in a greenhouse. Although the results represent only one season’s observations, some general trends in response to treatments have become apparent. The midmarsh S. alterniflora community was found to be the most sensitive to oil and dispersant applications, but within this system, oil treatment had the least impact. Dispersant alone and the oil with dispersant treatments had similar impacts. The second most sensitive community was the creek edge. Impacts within this community were much less pronounced than those observed in the midmarsh community. Dispersant and oil with dispersant treatments had the greatest impacts and were similar in severity. The oil treatment had little impact. The high marsh community was generally the least sensitive of the three marsh vegetation zones. None of the treatments appeared to cause much damage, and all treatments induced approximately the same impacts. No recovery from the impacts was observed in this first season
© 1987 with permission from APIA number of weathered crude oil and chemical dispersant (Corexit 9527) spills were made experimentally in an Atlantic coast salt marsh during the summer of 1986. The intent of the spills was to measure the extent of damage and recovery potential of affected marsh vegetation, principally Spartina alterniflora and S. patens. Treatments included control, oil dispersant, and oil with dispersant applied in three vegetation zones (creek edge, midmarsh, and high marsh). S. alterniflora dominated in the first two zones and S. patens in the third. Measurements were made of plant height, stem density, flowering success, biomass, and other visually discernable characteristics. The study was complemented by laboratory investigations on samples of marsh maintained with sea water exposures in a greenhouse. Although the results represent only one season’s observations, some general trends in response to treatments have become apparent. The midmarsh S. alterniflora community was found to be the most sensitive to oil and dispersant applications, but within this system, oil treatment had the least impact. Dispersant alone and the oil with dispersant treatments had similar impacts. The second most sensitive community was the creek edge. Impacts within this community were much less pronounced than those observed in the midmarsh community. Dispersant and oil with dispersant treatments had the greatest impacts and were similar in severity. The oil treatment had little impact. The high marsh community was generally the least sensitive of the three marsh vegetation zones. None of the treatments appeared to cause much damage, and all treatments induced approximately the same impacts. No recovery from the impacts was observed in this first season
LaRiviere, D.; Autenrieth, R.L.; Bonner, J.S. 2003. Biodegradation of oil-contaminated sediments: effect of a dispersant and natural organic matter. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Arctic and Marine Oilspill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar, June 10-12, 2003, Victoria (British Columbia) Canada, Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada. pp. 765-778. URL
Abstract
Corexit 9500 was added to Arabian medium crude oil-contaminated wetland sediment slurries to observe changes in respirometric activity by oil-degrading aerobic bacteria. The addition of dispersant was shown to elevate respirometric activity in the microbial populations, although remaining total target saturates were substantially higher in dispersant-amended slurries. There was no change in aromatics after the addition of Corexit 9400, implying that the dispersant acted as competitive substrate rather than enhancing degradation of crude oil
Corexit 9500 was added to Arabian medium crude oil-contaminated wetland sediment slurries to observe changes in respirometric activity by oil-degrading aerobic bacteria. The addition of dispersant was shown to elevate respirometric activity in the microbial populations, although remaining total target saturates were substantially higher in dispersant-amended slurries. There was no change in aromatics after the addition of Corexit 9400, implying that the dispersant acted as competitive substrate rather than enhancing degradation of crude oil
LaRiviere, D.J.; Autenrieth, R.L.; Bonner, J.S. 2003. Redox dynamics during recovery of an oil-impacted estuarine wetland. Water Research, 37 (14): 3307-3318. ISSN: 0043-1354. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00134-9.
Abstract
Redox potentials and sediment porewater parameters were measured around the periphery of a small cove along the San Jacinto River in Texas throughout a crude oil and chemical dispersant remediation study to distinguish normal dynamics from those caused as a response to stress from oil deposition and chemical treatment and subsequent recovery. Before the application of oil and treatments, sediments displayed average redox potentials of 0–350 mV when not submerged. Within 2 days of the applications, redox potentials in these plots decreased and exhibited a range from −200 to 0 mV for a duration of 5 weeks. Applied treatments significantly reduced the sediments of the wetland. Reduced redox potentials were indicative of the corresponding sulfate reduction that was also found to be significant following the oil application. GC/MS and MPN analysis indicates this reduction is due to biological oxidation of the crude oil components by alkane- and PAH-degraders in these surficial sediments and validates the usefulness of the redox measurement as an indicator for carbon oxidation. Increases in aqueous phase total organic and inorganic carbon coincided with a decrease in pH shortly after the applications, suggesting incomplete mineralization and the generation of organic acids. While dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide have been found to be good indicators of reductive processes in petroleum-contaminated aquifer sediments; that was not the case in this wetland study. Despite the disappearance of sulfate following the oil application, dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide concentrations remained at pre-application levels suggesting the formation of mackinawite and/or pyrite. The transient exposure of surface sediments to oxygen complicates the consideration of potential solid phase pathways since aqueous iron may be removed by precipitation when oxidized or reduced, making porewater iron a poor indicator for terminal electron accepting processes in wetland sediments
Reprinted from Water Research, Volume 37, D.J. LaRiviere, R.L. Autenrieth, J.S. Bonner, Copyright 2003, with permission from ElsevierRedox potentials and sediment porewater parameters were measured around the periphery of a small cove along the San Jacinto River in Texas throughout a crude oil and chemical dispersant remediation study to distinguish normal dynamics from those caused as a response to stress from oil deposition and chemical treatment and subsequent recovery. Before the application of oil and treatments, sediments displayed average redox potentials of 0–350 mV when not submerged. Within 2 days of the applications, redox potentials in these plots decreased and exhibited a range from −200 to 0 mV for a duration of 5 weeks. Applied treatments significantly reduced the sediments of the wetland. Reduced redox potentials were indicative of the corresponding sulfate reduction that was also found to be significant following the oil application. GC/MS and MPN analysis indicates this reduction is due to biological oxidation of the crude oil components by alkane- and PAH-degraders in these surficial sediments and validates the usefulness of the redox measurement as an indicator for carbon oxidation. Increases in aqueous phase total organic and inorganic carbon coincided with a decrease in pH shortly after the applications, suggesting incomplete mineralization and the generation of organic acids. While dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide have been found to be good indicators of reductive processes in petroleum-contaminated aquifer sediments; that was not the case in this wetland study. Despite the disappearance of sulfate following the oil application, dissolved ferrous iron and sulfide concentrations remained at pre-application levels suggesting the formation of mackinawite and/or pyrite. The transient exposure of surface sediments to oxygen complicates the consideration of potential solid phase pathways since aqueous iron may be removed by precipitation when oxidized or reduced, making porewater iron a poor indicator for terminal electron accepting processes in wetland sediments
LaRoche, G.; Eisler, R.; Tarzwell, C.M. 1970. Bioassay procedures for oil and oil dispersant toxicity evaluation. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 42 (11): 1982-1989. ISSN: 0043-1303.
Lasday, A.H. 1989. Economic evaluation of dispersants to combat oil spills. Oil Dispersants: New Ecological Approaches, Philadelphia, Pa: American Society for Testing and Materials. pp. 41-48. ISBN: 0803111940.
Abstract
Chemical dispersants for combatting oil spills increasingly are being recognized as a most valuable addition to the available means for damage prevention and cleanup. A study of oil spill cleanup costs enables one to apply a most useful perspective to the issue of costs. Based on public information sources where costs were reported for cleanup of oil that impacted a shoreline, mechanical methods ranged in cost from a minimum of $65 per barrel of oil to a maximum of $5000 per barrel. In contrast, costs for intercepting the oil at sea by spraying dispersant from four-engine fixed wing aircraft ranged between a minimum of $15 per barrel of oil treated up to a maximum of $60 per barrel of oil treated. The study spill sizes were 10 000 to 100 000 barrels of oil
© ASTM International. Used with permission of ASTM InternationalChemical dispersants for combatting oil spills increasingly are being recognized as a most valuable addition to the available means for damage prevention and cleanup. A study of oil spill cleanup costs enables one to apply a most useful perspective to the issue of costs. Based on public information sources where costs were reported for cleanup of oil that impacted a shoreline, mechanical methods ranged in cost from a minimum of $65 per barrel of oil to a maximum of $5000 per barrel. In contrast, costs for intercepting the oil at sea by spraying dispersant from four-engine fixed wing aircraft ranged between a minimum of $15 per barrel of oil treated up to a maximum of $60 per barrel of oil treated. The study spill sizes were 10 000 to 100 000 barrels of oil
Latala, A.; Plinski, M. 1985. The effect of selected dispersants on growth of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck and Scenedesmus quadricauda Turpin Brebisson. Oceanologia, 22 35-40. ISSN: 0078-3234.
Latiff, S.A. 1969. Preliminary results of the experiments on the toxicity of oil counteracting agent (Esso Corexit 7664), with and without Iraq crude oil, for selected members of marine plankton. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft, 20 (2-3): 182-185. ISSN: 0003-9063.
Latiff, S.A. 1971. The effect of oil slick dispersant, Esso Corexit 7664 and the joint effect with crude oil on the survival of marine glass fish, Ambassis sp. and palaemonid shrimps. The Malaysian Agricultural Journal, 48 (1): 13-19. ISSN: 0025-1321.
Abstract
Median tolerance limit for 24 hours for the glass fish Ambassis sp. was 1.04 ml Corexit per liter of sea water without crude oil and 1.07 ml/l with crude oil. The corresponding figures for palaemonid shrimps appeared to be 2.08 and 1.68 ml/l, respectively. Threshold toxicity for the glass fish was raised from 0.12 ml to 0.51 ml/l after the addition of crude oil; for the shrimps, there was only a slight raise from 0.12 to 0.21 ml/l. Percentage survival of test animals in inversely proportional to the concentration of Esso Corexit, it shows a negative exponential relationship with concentration. For the glass fish, the joint effect of Esso Corexit 7664 and crude oil considered as a whole proves to be less toxic than the lone effect of the dispersant at lower concentrations and more toxic at higher concentrations. For palaemonid shrimps, toxicity of Corexit is reinforced at higher and lower concentrations. The shrimps could tolerate the dispersant better than the glass fish. Finally, Esso Corexit is found to be much less toxic than other emulsifiers tested
Median tolerance limit for 24 hours for the glass fish Ambassis sp. was 1.04 ml Corexit per liter of sea water without crude oil and 1.07 ml/l with crude oil. The corresponding figures for palaemonid shrimps appeared to be 2.08 and 1.68 ml/l, respectively. Threshold toxicity for the glass fish was raised from 0.12 ml to 0.51 ml/l after the addition of crude oil; for the shrimps, there was only a slight raise from 0.12 to 0.21 ml/l. Percentage survival of test animals in inversely proportional to the concentration of Esso Corexit, it shows a negative exponential relationship with concentration. For the glass fish, the joint effect of Esso Corexit 7664 and crude oil considered as a whole proves to be less toxic than the lone effect of the dispersant at lower concentrations and more toxic at higher concentrations. For palaemonid shrimps, toxicity of Corexit is reinforced at higher and lower concentrations. The shrimps could tolerate the dispersant better than the glass fish. Finally, Esso Corexit is found to be much less toxic than other emulsifiers tested
Lauby, B.G. 1987. Influence of Crude Oil and Dispersant on Flavor Tainting of Salmonid Flesh, Thesis (M.S.), University of Washington. 80 leaves.
Lavache, M.L. 1989. Dispersant use considerations. Oil Dispersants: New Ecological Approaches, Philadelphia, Pa: American Society for Testing and Materials. pp. 135-143. ISBN: 0803111940.
Abstract
The development of dispersant use guidelines and decision making criteria are complex interagency activities. The use of dispersants as an oil spill response option in United States' waters occur as the result of a decision process established by the National Contingency Plan (NCP), a federal regulation. The NCP requires a recommendation from the federal predesignated On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) to the U.S. environmental Protection Agency (EPA) representative to the Regional Response Team (RRT). The recommendation is simultaneously made to State RRT representative(s) whenever state(s') waters are affected. The approval necessary for dispersant use is concurrence with the OSC's recommendation by the EPA RRT representative and, as appropriate, the State RRT representative(s). The U.S. Departments of Commerce (DOC) and the Interior (DOI) have related authorities and are also RRT member agencies. The NCP recommends that EPA and state RRT representatives consult with their DOC and DOI counterparts, as appropriate, during the decision process. Such consultation may become mandatory following a pending revision of the NCP, and where federal trusteeship interests are involved
© ASTM International. Used with permission of ASTM InternationalThe development of dispersant use guidelines and decision making criteria are complex interagency activities. The use of dispersants as an oil spill response option in United States' waters occur as the result of a decision process established by the National Contingency Plan (NCP), a federal regulation. The NCP requires a recommendation from the federal predesignated On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) to the U.S. environmental Protection Agency (EPA) representative to the Regional Response Team (RRT). The recommendation is simultaneously made to State RRT representative(s) whenever state(s') waters are affected. The approval necessary for dispersant use is concurrence with the OSC's recommendation by the EPA RRT representative and, as appropriate, the State RRT representative(s). The U.S. Departments of Commerce (DOC) and the Interior (DOI) have related authorities and are also RRT member agencies. The NCP recommends that EPA and state RRT representatives consult with their DOC and DOI counterparts, as appropriate, during the decision process. Such consultation may become mandatory following a pending revision of the NCP, and where federal trusteeship interests are involved
Law, A.T. 1995. Toxicity study of the oil dispersant Corexit 9527 on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) egg hatchability by using a flow-through bioassay technique. Environmental Pollution, 88 (3): 341-343. ISSN: 0269-7491. doi:10.1016/0269-7491(95)93448-9.
Abstract
The effect of the oil-spill dispersant Corexit 9527 on egg-hatching rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) was studied by using an innovated flow-through bioassay technique. This bioassay method relies on the fact that M. rosenbergii fertilized eggs when detached from the mother prawn were able to hatch artificially. The flow-through system generated a stable and good water quality environment for hatching the eggs successfully. The Corexit 9527 had a pronounced effect on hatching rate of the M. rosenbergii eggs. In the control, the hatching rate of the eggs was 95·55% ± 1·74%. However, it was reduced drastically with increasing concentrations of Corexit 9527. A 100% inhibition of egg hatchability was found when the level of Corexit 9527 was higher than 250 mg litre-1. The EC50 and the EC95 values estimated by the probit method were 80·4 ± 5·5 mg litre-1 and 193·5 ± 39·9 mg litre-1 respectively (P = 0·05). The recommended safety level of Corexit 9527 for M. rosenbergii in Malaysian estuarine waters is below 40 mg litre-1
Reprinted from Environmental Pollution, Volume 88, A.T. Law, Copyright 1995, with permission from ElsevierThe effect of the oil-spill dispersant Corexit 9527 on egg-hatching rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) was studied by using an innovated flow-through bioassay technique. This bioassay method relies on the fact that M. rosenbergii fertilized eggs when detached from the mother prawn were able to hatch artificially. The flow-through system generated a stable and good water quality environment for hatching the eggs successfully. The Corexit 9527 had a pronounced effect on hatching rate of the M. rosenbergii eggs. In the control, the hatching rate of the eggs was 95·55% ± 1·74%. However, it was reduced drastically with increasing concentrations of Corexit 9527. A 100% inhibition of egg hatchability was found when the level of Corexit 9527 was higher than 250 mg litre-1. The EC50 and the EC95 values estimated by the probit method were 80·4 ± 5·5 mg litre-1 and 193·5 ± 39·9 mg litre-1 respectively (P = 0·05). The recommended safety level of Corexit 9527 for M. rosenbergii in Malaysian estuarine waters is below 40 mg litre-1
Law, R.; Kelly, C.; Colcomb, K. 2005. Opportunities for at-sea and beach clean-up to reduce the impact of oil spills: examples from the Sea Empress incident. In International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Theme Session on Oil Spills in Marine Ecosystems: Impacts and Remediation, C.M. 2005/S (01): 7p.. URL
Law, R.J.; Kelly, C.A.; Brown, J. 1998. The effects of a chemically-dispersed oil spill on fish and shellfish: experience from the Sea Empress spill in Wales in 1996. In Dispersant Application in Alaska: A Technical Update, Anchorage Hilton Hotel, Anchorage, Alaska, March 18 and 19, 1998, Cordova, Ak: Prince William Sound Oil Spill Recovery Institute. pp. 189-202.
Abstract
This report focuses on the establishment and subsequent lifting of fishing restrictions and the effects of the Sea Empress spill and dispersant application on fish and shellfish in Milford Haven. Overall, effects of the spill were less severe than would have been expected given the quantity of oil released
This report focuses on the establishment and subsequent lifting of fishing restrictions and the effects of the Sea Empress spill and dispersant application on fish and shellfish in Milford Haven. Overall, effects of the spill were less severe than would have been expected given the quantity of oil released
Law, R.J.; Kelly, C. 2004. The impact of the "Sea Empress" oil spill. Aquatic Living Resources, 17 (3): 389-394. ISSN: 0990-7440. doi:10.1051/alr:2004029. URL
Abstract
The tanker “Sea Empress” grounded at the entrance to Milford Haven in February 1996, releasing 72 000 t of Forties blend crude oil and 480 t of heavy fuel oil into the waters of southwest Wales. An estimated 15 000 t of emulsified oil came ashore along 200 km of coastline. A fishery exclusion zone was established to protect consumers of fish and shellfish, and monitoring was instigated in order to establish the degree and spread of contamination. A wide range of further studies were conducted with the aim of assessing the overall impact of the spill. In this paper we report on the establishment and subsequent lifting of fishing restrictions and the results of the fish and shellfish monitoring programme. The application of a range of biological effects techniques which illustrated sublethal impacts is also described. In retrospect, the impact of the spill was much less than would have been expected from the quantity of oil spilled. This was due to the circumstances of the spill, which led to fresh crude oil, amenable to chemical dispersion, being released during each ebb tide and carried into deep water to the south of Milford Haven. This enabled the extensive dispersant spraying operation, which included the aerial application of 446 t of chemical oil dispersant in order to enhance the rate of natural dispersion of the oil. This reduced the impact of the spill by preventing an additional 57 000 to 110 000 t of emulsified oil from impacting the beaches
Reprinted from Aquatic Living Resources, Volume 17, R.J. Law, C. Kelly, Copyright 2004, with permission from ElsevierThe tanker “Sea Empress” grounded at the entrance to Milford Haven in February 1996, releasing 72 000 t of Forties blend crude oil and 480 t of heavy fuel oil into the waters of southwest Wales. An estimated 15 000 t of emulsified oil came ashore along 200 km of coastline. A fishery exclusion zone was established to protect consumers of fish and shellfish, and monitoring was instigated in order to establish the degree and spread of contamination. A wide range of further studies were conducted with the aim of assessing the overall impact of the spill. In this paper we report on the establishment and subsequent lifting of fishing restrictions and the results of the fish and shellfish monitoring programme. The application of a range of biological effects techniques which illustrated sublethal impacts is also described. In retrospect, the impact of the spill was much less than would have been expected from the quantity of oil spilled. This was due to the circumstances of the spill, which led to fresh crude oil, amenable to chemical dispersion, being released during each ebb tide and carried into deep water to the south of Milford Haven. This enabled the extensive dispersant spraying operation, which included the aerial application of 446 t of chemical oil dispersant in order to enhance the rate of natural dispersion of the oil. This reduced the impact of the spill by preventing an additional 57 000 to 110 000 t of emulsified oil from impacting the beaches
Lawe, T.B. 1986. A Knowledge Based System for Advice on the Use of Chemical Oil Dispersants, Oslo: Senter for Indushifarskning. 13p.
Lax, H.G.; Vainio, T. 1988. Macrozoobenthic Recolonization of the Littoral and the Soft Bottom After an Oil Spill. Response of the Lymnaea peregra (Mollusca: gastropoda) to Oil and Dispersant. Effects of Crude Oil on the Behavior of Lymnaea peregra (Mollusca: gastropoda), Helsinki: Vesi- ja ympäristöhallitus, Vaasan vesi- ja ympäristöpiiri. 63p. ISBN: 9514711203.
Lax, H.G.; Vainio, T. 1988. Response of the Lymnaea peregra (mollusca: gastropoda) to Oil and Dispersant, Helsinki: Vesi- ja Ympäristöhallinnon julkaisuja. 35p..
Lee M.; Martinelli F.; Lynch B.; Morris P.R. 1981. Use of dispersants on viscous fuel oils and water in crude oil emulsions. In Proceedings: 1981 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), March 2-5, 1981, Atlanta, Georgia, Washington, D.C: American Petroleum Institute. pp. 31-35.
Abstract
The various factors affecting the performance of oil spill dispersants have been studied in the laboratory using a simple test to emulsify the oil in the water. The observations have been confirmed by spraying oil onto the sea followed by overspraying with dispersant. It was found that viscosity of the oil or mousse was the main limitation that influenced the droplet size distribution. Energy of agitation had a minor effect but there was no evidence that the “self-mix” dispersants required less energy for adequate dispersion
© 1981 with permission from APIThe various factors affecting the performance of oil spill dispersants have been studied in the laboratory using a simple test to emulsify the oil in the water. The observations have been confirmed by spraying oil onto the sea followed by overspraying with dispersant. It was found that viscosity of the oil or mousse was the main limitation that influenced the droplet size distribution. Energy of agitation had a minor effect but there was no evidence that the “self-mix” dispersants required less energy for adequate dispersion
Lee, K.; Wong, C.S.; Cretney, W.J. 1985. Microbial response to crude oil and Corexit 9527: SEAFLUXES enclosure study. Microbial Ecology, 11 (4): 337-351. ISSN: 0095-3628. doi:10.1007/BF02016816.
Abstract
The response of marine bacteria to Corexit 9527, with and without Prudhoe Bay crude oil labeled with n-(1-14C)hexadecane, in a temperate pelagic environment was monitored over 22 days using controlled ecosystem enclosures. The results indicated that Corexit and Corexit-dispersed crude oil stimulated bacterial production by serving as substrates and/or by inducing the release of organic compounds from the indigenous phytoplankton population. Highest bacterial standing stock was observed in the enclosure treated with a mixture of Corexit and crude oil, in which a large fraction of the predominant bacterivores were eliminated. Biodegradation appeared to be more significant than abiotic processes in contributing to the loss of low volatility n-alkanes in Corexit-dispersed oil
© CSA, 1985The response of marine bacteria to Corexit 9527, with and without Prudhoe Bay crude oil labeled with n-(1-14C)hexadecane, in a temperate pelagic environment was monitored over 22 days using controlled ecosystem enclosures. The results indicated that Corexit and Corexit-dispersed crude oil stimulated bacterial production by serving as substrates and/or by inducing the release of organic compounds from the indigenous phytoplankton population. Highest bacterial standing stock was observed in the enclosure treated with a mixture of Corexit and crude oil, in which a large fraction of the predominant bacterivores were eliminated. Biodegradation appeared to be more significant than abiotic processes in contributing to the loss of low volatility n-alkanes in Corexit-dispersed oil
Lee, M.A. 1980. The Droplet Size Distribution of Oils Emulsified in Sea Water by Concentrate Dispersants, Stevenage, U.K: Warren Spring Laboratory. 12p. ISBN: 0856242187.
Abstract
The droplet size distribution of oil-in-sea-water emulsions produced by the action of concentrate dispersants were obtained using a Coulter Counter Model TAII. Studies were made of the droplet size distributions obtained using five oils of varying viscosity which were treated with six different concentrate dispersants. The work showed that the technique can be used to assess dispersant performance and that there is a relationship between droplet size distribution and dispersant efficiency
© CSA, 1982The droplet size distribution of oil-in-sea-water emulsions produced by the action of concentrate dispersants were obtained using a Coulter Counter Model TAII. Studies were made of the droplet size distributions obtained using five oils of varying viscosity which were treated with six different concentrate dispersants. The work showed that the technique can be used to assess dispersant performance and that there is a relationship between droplet size distribution and dispersant efficiency
This database consists of citations found in journals, conference proceedings, government reports and gray literature covering over 40 years of published research on oil spill dispersants. Citations were collected from 1960 through June 2008. This bibliography was compiled and edited by John Conover, Associate Librarian at LUMCON, and funded by a grant from the Louisiana Applied and Educational Oil Spill Research and Development Program (OSRADP).
EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Quarterly Issues
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Compilations
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- Biology
- Ecological, anatomical, and physiological effects of oil and/or gas, Species as biomarkers, PAH uptake and bioaccumulation, etc.
- Chemistry/Geochemistry/Geology
- Biochemistry, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Hydrocarbon degradation, Environmental sampling, Soil contamination, etc.
- Engineering/Physics
- Technological advancements in facility/equipment design and use, Spill response and recovery equipment, Physical properties of oil and gas, etc.
- Environment/Ecosystem Management/Spills
- Environmental assessment and management, Oil and/or gas spill description and analysis, etc.
- Socioeconomic/Regulation/General
- Social and economic ramifications, Politics, Governmental policy and legislation, Organizational policy, General interest, etc.
Giessing, Anders M. B.; Mayer, Lawrence M.; Forbes, Thomas L. 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide as the major aqueous pyrene metabolite in tissue and gut fluid from the marine deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003;
Volume 22 (5): 1107-1114. ISSN: 0730-7268.
Phase I and phase II metabolites were identified in a species of polychaete after exposing the organism to pyrene. It is believed that 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide, the only phase I metabolite of pyrene in this species, is a useful biomarker for PAH exposure.
Lichtfouse, E.; Eglinton, T.I. 13C and 14C evidence of pollution of a soil by fossil fuel and reconstruction of the composition of the pollutant. Organic Geochemistry, October 1995;
Volume 23 (10): 969-973. ISSN: 0146-6380.
Researchers use 13C/12C ratios, the 14C age and relative concentrations to assess the origins of n-alkanes in a polluted soil
Johannesen, J. et al. 3D oil migration modelling of the Jurassic petroleum system of the Stratfjord area, Norwegian North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience, 2002;
Volume 8 (1): 37-50. ISSN: 1354-0793.
This modelling study enabled researchers to determine the vertical and lateral migration of hydrocarbons over time, and to conclude that present-day resources are the result of a multi-layered, multi-directional migrating system originating from three separate fields.
Kong, Vincent W. T.; Smethurst, J.; Chiem, B. H.; Stewart, R. C.; Teh, G. H. 3D marine exploration seismic survey in shallow water area, offshore Sabah. Warta Geologi [Newsletter of the Geological Society of Malaysia], 1989;
Volume 15
Rowson, Chris. 4C seismic technology makes mark in Caspian Sea. Offshore, 2003;
Volume 63 (5): 50. ISSN: 0030-0608.
Continued investments in oil exploration in the Caspian Sea and the surrounding region has resulted in the use of modern exploration methods. Geophysical surveys that consist of (4C) 3D seismic surveys are being used to improve imaging of the subsurface.
Schmidt, Victor A. 2-D seismic vessels for 3-D missions: old 2-D vessels can be used in new, more productive ways, serving vessel owners, oil companies. Sea Technology, September 1994;
Volume 35 (9): 15-22. ISSN: 0093-3651.
Schmidt reports on the status of the geophysical exploration industry and examines the 2-D versus 3-D vessel problem
Taylor, Susan. 0.45- to 1.1-æm spectra of Prudhoe crude oil and of beach materials in Prince William Sound, Alaska, [Hanover, NJ]. US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory: 1992;
Volume Special Report (U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) (92-5): 14 p..
1993 final work plan: Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration, Anchorage, AK. The Trustees: [1993];
A plan of action is outlined regarding remediation of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill
LaBelle, R. P.; Galt, J. A.; Tennyson, E. J.; McGrattan, K. B. 1993 Spill off Tampa Bay, a candidate for burning?. Proceedings: Seventeenth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar, Ottawa. Environment Canada: 1994;
Volume 1 635-649.
Authors describe the general behavior and movements of the spilled oil and the sea and weather conditions during and following the August 10, 1993 collision of the Tank Barge Ocean 255 and the Tank Barge Bouchard B-155 with the freighter Balsa 37 in Tampa Bay, Florida. In addition, discussed is the possibility of removing the oil by in-situ burning, and the results of smoke plume model runs
3D seismic yields more oil for Oryx off Texas. Oil and Gas Journal, 8-Nov-93;
Volume 91 33. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Reported is confirmation of a 25-30 million bbl oil discovery in the Gulf of Mexico by Oryx Energy, Dallas, employing a 3D seismic survey
1991 Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, March 1991, American Petroleum Institute: 1991;
Volume American Petroleum Institute Publications (4529):
1991 oil spill conference papers sought. Ocean Science News, April 10, 1990;
Volume 32 (10): 5.
1971 oil pollution compensation fund wound up. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2000;
Volume 40 (12): 1068. ISSN: 0025-326X.
A protocol was recently signed for the ending of the IOPC Fund, which is replaced by a Fund agreed on in 1992. The latter Fund allows for higher compensation for parties affected by oil pollution.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1991 state/federal natural resource damage assessment and restoration plan for the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Juneau, AK. Trustee Council: 1991;
Anon. 700,000 gallons of oil spilled in Texas. Environmental Protection News, September 8, 1990;
Volume 5 (17): 4.
Cedar-Southworth, Donna. 1995 promises good opportunities for offshore operators. MMS Today, Feb-95;
Volume 5 (1): 7-Jun.
Hank Bartholomew, Deputy Associate Director for Offshore Operations, discusses some of the high priorities for 1995, including interaction with states on oill spill response, OHMSETT plans, and training and safety programs
Hull, Jennifer Pallanich. 40 rigs at work in water depths over 1,000 feet. Offshore, 2001;
Volume 61 (2): 16. ISSN: 0030-0608.
The Minerals Management Service sees the amount of deepwater drilling activity as a good indication for potential economic growth in the Gulf of Mexico region.
Knott, D. 10 years on from Exxon Valdez spill. Oil & Gas Journal, March 22, 1999;
Volume 97 (12): 45. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Greenpeace campaigner, Matthew Spencer, told Oil & Gas Journal that 10 years after the Exxon Valdez spill the important issue was whether or not the politicians were doing a better job of regulating the oil industry. Archie Smith, Chief Executive of Oil Spill Response Ltd. of the U.K., said 'the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 which arose because of the Exxon Valdez spill, increased the industry's understanding of the risks and preparedness for dealing with spills'
Neil, Chris. 2003 shows spot cargoes, tankers to dictate US LNG supplies, not terminal
capacities. Oil & Gas Journal, 2004;
Volume 102 (12): 70-72. ISSN: 0030-1388.
Data presented in this article shows an increase in LNG spot cargo imports to the US for 2002 and 2003. Analysts predict that this trend will not continue for 2004 and 2005 based on the costs of regasification versus market prices for gas.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Oil and Gas Resource Assessment Team. 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources: overview of the 1995 National Assessment of Potential Additions to Technically Recoverable Resources of Oil and Gas--Onshore and State Waters of the United States. Denver, CO. USGS Information Services: 1995;
Volume Circular 1118 20 p..
This circular is the fourth in a series of systematic assessments of undiscovered oil and gas in the United States
This bibliography is a quarterly compilation of current publications (citations with abstracts) from a wide variety of electronic and print information sources relating to offshore oil and gas development. It is compiled and edited by John Conover, Associate Librarian at LUMCON. Items listed may or may not be available at the LUMCON Library. Items without annotations were unavailable for perusal prior to publication.
All questions about using library facilities, locating library resources, or searching LUMCON catalogs should be directed to the Librarian.